{"id":479512,"date":"2023-08-09T10:41:18","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T10:41:18","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:18:58","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:18:58","slug":"version-control-systems-git-svn","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/version-control-systems-git-svn\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (Git, SVN)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea7n. Hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 Git v\u00e0 SVN (Subversion). Git, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Linus Torvalds v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edd t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, SVN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CollabNet Inc. t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000 v\u00e0 theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (Git, SVN)<\/h2>\n<p>Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a SVN.<\/p>\n<p>Git \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Linus Torvalds t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n Linux, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Git, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Linux.<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, SVN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a CVS (Concurrent Versions System), m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. CVS thi\u1ebfu h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 SVN mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. SVN nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c h\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (Git, SVN)<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 Git v\u00e0 SVN t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (Git, SVN)<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Git:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Git tu\u00e2n theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong Git bao g\u1ed3m ba khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh: th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cam k\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li>Khi nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp trong ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>SVN:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SVN ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef duy nh\u1ea5t l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u00e3.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3n sao l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trung t\u00e2m, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trung t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (Git, SVN) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Git:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Git s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cam k\u1ebft, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i cam k\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t (h\u00e0m b\u0103m SHA-1).<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh trong Git cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Git cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>SVN:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SVN d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh trong SVN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang k\u00e9m linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Git.<\/li>\n<li>SVN y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trung t\u00e2m, khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ngo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (Git, SVN)<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th>Git<\/th>\n<th>SVN<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<td>ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<td>T\u1eadp trung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n<td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh<\/td>\n<td>Nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t<\/td>\n<td>N\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u00e9m linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u00e1p nh\u1eadp<\/td>\n<td>Ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/td>\n<td>D\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00f4ng ty<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/td>\n<td>D\u1ed1c h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cao c\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<td>D\u1ec5 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (Git, SVN)<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trung t\u00e2m. Ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nh\u01b0 Git.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp trung:<\/strong> Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. SVN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (Git, SVN) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:<\/strong> Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, xem l\u1ea1i m\u00e3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o th\u1ebb v\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t xung \u0111\u1ed9t:<\/strong> Khi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, xung \u0111\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean:<\/strong> C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd sai kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c sao l\u01b0u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1edbn:<\/strong> Khi c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm n\u1ea1p, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<h3>Git so v\u1edbi GitHub:<\/h3>\n<p>Git l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, trong khi GitHub l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean web d\u00e0nh cho kho Git. GitHub cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e3, theo d\u00f5i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<h3>Git so v\u1edbi Mercurial:<\/h3>\n<p>Mercurial l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Git. C\u1ea3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Git khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (Git, SVN)<\/h2>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (Git, SVN)<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nh\u01b0 Git. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Git, gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ea1ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp trung nh\u01b0 SVN. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (Git, SVN), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/git-scm.com\/doc\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Git<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/svnbook.red-bean.com\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">S\u00e1ch SVN<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-479512","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Version Control Systems: Git and SVN<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What are version control systems, and how do they benefit software development?","answer":"<p>Version control systems, such as Git and SVN, are tools that help manage the changes made to software code over time. They keep track of modifications, allow collaboration among developers, and provide the ability to revert to previous versions if needed. These systems enhance productivity, reduce conflicts, and streamline the development process.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the difference between Git and SVN?","answer":"<p>Git and SVN are both version control systems, but they have different underlying structures. Git follows a distributed model, where each developer has a complete local copy of the repository. In contrast, SVN operates on a centralized model, where developers check out a working copy from a central server.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do Git and SVN work internally?","answer":"<p>Git uses a directed acyclic graph to represent the commit history, with each commit having a unique identifier. It allows for lightweight branching and efficient merging. On the other hand, SVN relies on revisions to track changes and creates branches as separate directories.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Git and SVN?","answer":"<p>Git offers distributed versioning, fast performance, advanced branching, and is widely adopted in the software development community. SVN, though declining in popularity, still finds use in legacy projects, but its centralized nature and slower operations are notable drawbacks.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of version control systems are there?","answer":"<p>Version control systems can be broadly categorized into two types: Local Version Control Systems and Centralized Version Control Systems. Local systems maintain version history on individual machines, while centralized systems store the entire repository on a central server.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can version control systems be used, and what problems might arise?","answer":"<p>Developers can use version control systems for individual and collaborative development, as well as for release management. Some common issues include merge conflicts, accidental data loss, and challenges with large repositories. However, best practices and proper precautions can address these problems.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the future outlook for version control systems?","answer":"<p>The future of version control systems is likely to focus on improved collaboration, performance, and user experiences. Technologies such as AI-driven conflict resolution and real-time collaboration are anticipated to enhance these systems further.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do proxy servers enhance version control experiences?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can benefit developers working with distributed version control systems like Git by caching objects, reducing repetitive network requests, and speeding up operations. Additionally, proxy servers can act as intermediaries for securing connections to centralized systems like SVN, protecting sensitive code from unauthorized access.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479512\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=479512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}