{"id":479224,"date":"2023-08-09T10:32:55","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T10:32:55","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:18:24","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:18:24","slug":"synchronous-optical-networking","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/synchronous-optical-networking\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 (SONET) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao qua m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1p quang. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. SONET l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean l\u1ea1c li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3<\/h2>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a SONET b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua c\u00e1p quang. N\u0103m 1984, Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 (ANSI) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SONET, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1988.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/h2>\n

SONET \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n chia th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 (TDM), cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh quang duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a SONET l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c s\u00f3ng mang quang (OC), m\u1ed7i m\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c OC n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 OC-3 (155,52 Mbps), OC-12 (622,08 Mbps), OC-48 (2,488 Gbps) v\u00e0 OC-192 (9,953 Gbps). T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 OC n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u2013 SONET ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n

SONET s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i. Kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a SONET l\u00e0 T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 (STS), t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c OC c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i STS bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Phong b\u00ec t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 (SPE) ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a SONET. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c STS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khung SONET c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/h2>\n

SONET cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

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  1. \n

    T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao:<\/strong> SONET h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 OC kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a:<\/strong> B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a SONET \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 video.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Dung sai l\u1ed7i:<\/strong> C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a SONET cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng sau c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean m\u1ee9c OC cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/strong> Giao di\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a SONET cho ph\u00e9p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/h2>\n

    B\u1ea3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee9c s\u00f3ng mang quang (OC) SONET ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 OC<\/th>\nT\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Mbps)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    OC-3<\/td>\n155.52<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    OC-12<\/td>\n622.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    OC-48<\/td>\n2,488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    OC-192<\/td>\n9,953<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n

    SONET \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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      M\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng:<\/strong> SONET t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet:<\/strong> ISP s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SONET \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      M\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SONET \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, SONET ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Khi nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, SONET \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng quang nh\u01b0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 (SDH) v\u00e0 M\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i quang (OTN) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cung c\u1ea5p dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n

      D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh SONET v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 SDH v\u00e0 OTN:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\nSONET<\/th>\nSDH<\/th>\nOTN<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Gbps)<\/strong><\/td>\nL\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn OC-768<\/td>\nL\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn STM-256<\/td>\nL\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn OTU-4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u00ean cao<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/td>\nT\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/td>\ngi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/td>\nGi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\nGi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/td>\nV\u00f2ng\/Tuy\u1ebfn T\u00ednh<\/td>\nV\u00f2ng\/Tuy\u1ebfn T\u00ednh<\/td>\nV\u00f2ng\/Tuy\u1ebfn T\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/td>\nV\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>\nV\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/h2>\n

      Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng quang ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 OTN. OTN cung c\u1ea5p dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n, t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Ethernet v\u00e0 IP. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb SONET sang OTN \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/h2>\n

      M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi SONET ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng quang ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 OTN, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

      Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. ANSI T1.105: M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 (SONET) - M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li>\n
      2. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ITU-T G.707: Giao di\u1ec7n n\u00fat m\u1ea1ng cho ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 (SDH)<\/a><\/li>\n
      3. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ITU-T G.709: Giao di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i quang (OTN)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, M\u1ea1ng quang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Trong khi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng quang hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 OTN \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cao h\u01a1n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a SONET v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng quang h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":479225,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-479224","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about Synchronous Optical Networking: A Comprehensive Guide<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET)?","answer":"

        Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) is a widely used standard for high-speed data transmission over optical fiber networks. It ensures reliable and efficient communication with precise synchronization, serving as the backbone for modern telecommunication networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did SONET originate, and when was it standardized?","answer":"

        SONET's development began in the 1980s when there was a need for a standardized method to transmit data over optical fibers. In 1984, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) formed a committee to create the SONET standard, which was officially standardized in 1988.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does SONET work, and what are its core features?","answer":"

        SONET uses a synchronous time-division multiplexing (TDM) technique, where multiple data streams are multiplexed together over a single optical channel. It employs Optical Carrier (OC) levels with specific data rates, allowing for scalability as data demands increase. SONET's hierarchical structure ensures fault tolerance and reliable data transmission. It also offers precise synchronization, critical for real-time applications.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of SONET, and what data rates do they offer?","answer":"

        SONET comes in various Optical Carrier (OC) levels, each providing different data rates. Common examples include OC-3 (155.52 Mbps), OC-12 (622.08 Mbps), OC-48 (2.488 Gbps), and OC-192 (9.953 Gbps).<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the main applications of SONET?","answer":"

        SONET serves as the foundation for telecommunication networks, enabling high-speed data transfer between exchanges and central offices. It is also widely used by ISPs to connect core routers and data centers, and by enterprises to interconnect geographically dispersed offices.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does SONET compare with similar technologies like SDH and OTN?","answer":"

        SONET and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are similar technologies with differences in their geographic usage, but both offer synchronous communication. Optical Transport Network (OTN), on the other hand, provides higher capacity, better flexibility, and seamless integration with Ethernet and IP-based networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"What does the future hold for SONET?","answer":"

        While SONET has been a vital technology, advanced optical networks like OTN are becoming more prevalent due to higher capacities and increased flexibility. As technology continues to evolve, the transition from SONET to OTN is expected to continue.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers enhance Synchronous Optical Networking?","answer":"

        Proxy servers can optimize SONET's performance by caching frequently accessed content, reducing latency, and optimizing bandwidth usage. Additionally, they add an extra layer of security by acting as intermediaries between clients and servers, filtering and inspecting network traffic for improved protection.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479224\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/479225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=479224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}