{"id":479056,"date":"2023-08-09T10:01:33","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T10:01:33","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:18:04","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:18:04","slug":"soft-computing","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/soft-computing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng logic m\u1edd, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 n\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 khi Lotfi A. Zadeh \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp m\u1edd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a logic m\u1edd, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m: M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn m\u1edd<\/strong>: X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00fd lu\u1eadn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb sinh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n<\/strong>: K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00fd lu\u1eadn x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t<\/strong>: Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Bayesian x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m: \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 khoan dung. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/strong>: \u0110ang nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng logic m\u1edd, m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n, v.v. \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>C\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dung sai cho s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>Linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh song song.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ec1m: T\u1ed5ng quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ki\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn m\u1edd<\/td>\n<td>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh<\/td>\n<td>H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<td>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tri tu\u00ea\u0323 b\u00e2y \u0110an<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, y t\u1ebf, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v.v. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong>: Thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n<strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng logic m\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong>: Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<br \/>\n<strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/strong>: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ec1m<\/th>\n<th>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td>\n<td>g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<td>Cao<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai bao g\u1ed3m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy nh\u01b0 OneProxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/logic-fuzzy\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Logic m\u1edd \u2013 B\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 Stanford<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/subjects\/neural-networks\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh - T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ocw.mit.edu\/courses\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n \u2013 MIT OpenCourseWare<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">Trang web ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a OneProxy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, lo\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy nh\u01b0 OneProxy. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":470535,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-479056","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Soft Computing: An In-depth Exploration<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Soft Computing?","answer":"<p>Soft computing is a branch of computer science that employs techniques like fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and more to mimic human-like decision-making. It allows for imprecision and uncertainty, handling real-world ambiguous situations.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key components of Soft Computing?","answer":"<p>The key components of Soft Computing include Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms, and Probabilistic Reasoning. These methods can be used in combination to provide solutions to complex problems.<\/p>"},{"question":"When and by whom was Soft Computing introduced?","answer":"<p>Soft computing has its origins in the mid-20th century, with Lotfi A. Zadeh introducing the concept of fuzzy sets in 1965. Neural networks were popularized in the 1980s, and genetic algorithms were introduced in the 1970s.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Soft Computing work?","answer":"<p>Soft Computing works by modeling human cognition and employing flexible, tolerant methods. Its structure consists of an input layer receiving raw data, a processing layer using techniques like fuzzy logic and neural networks, and an output layer delivering approximate but acceptable results.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some common applications of Soft Computing?","answer":"<p>Soft computing is used in various domains like finance, healthcare, engineering, and more. It can handle lack of data precision through fuzzy logic and solve complex optimization tasks using genetic algorithms.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Soft Computing compare to traditional or Hard Computing?","answer":"<p>Unlike hard computing, which seeks exact solutions, soft computing deals with approximations and uncertainties. It offers high flexibility, the ability to learn from data, and tolerance to imprecision, whereas hard computing requires precise and fixed solutions.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future perspectives related to Soft Computing?","answer":"<p>Future perspectives of soft computing include integrating quantum computing, enhancing learning algorithms, improving real-time processing, and evolving more adaptive and self-organized systems.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can Proxy Servers like OneProxy be used with Soft Computing?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers like OneProxy can be used in soft computing to gather data, manage connections, or enhance security. They facilitate seamless data flow, supporting the learning and optimization processes within soft computing frameworks.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479056\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/470535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=479056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}