{"id":478596,"date":"2023-08-09T09:35:31","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:35:31","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:17:09","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:17:09","slug":"quantum-cryptography","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/quantum-cryptography\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00f4ng tin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 M\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bit l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c qubit, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 bit c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 n\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 M\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Stephen Wiesner v\u00e0 Gilles Brassard \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau. Giao th\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t, BB84, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Charles Bennett v\u00e0 Brassard gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1984, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 M\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed: M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi nghe l\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t<\/strong>: Bit l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu<\/strong>: Hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi nhau theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed: M\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (QKD) l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a<\/strong>: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c qubit t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n<\/strong>: C\u00e1c qubit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua k\u00eanh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110o \u0111\u1ea1c<\/strong>: C\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111o qubit b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nghe l\u00e9n<\/strong>: B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c qubit s\u1ebd l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb nghe tr\u1ed9m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u00f3a<\/strong>: Kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh vi nghe l\u00e9n n\u00e0o, kh\u00f3a s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong>: V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t<\/strong>: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong>: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Giao th\u1ee9c<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>BB84<\/td>\n<td>Giao th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>E91<\/td>\n<td>Giao th\u1ee9c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B92<\/td>\n<td>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a BB84, ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SARG04<\/td>\n<td>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n<\/strong>: Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giao d\u1ecbch an to\u00e0n<\/strong>: Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/strong>: Chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao; gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<h3>M\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed so v\u1edbi m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n:<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th>M\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/th>\n<th>M\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/td>\n<td>V\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<td>An to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<td>D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 do OneProxy cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian trong giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/tutorial\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/bb84\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 giao th\u1ee9c BB84<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/quantum-solutions\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed OneProxy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u00ean mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t minh h\u1ecda v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":478597,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-478596","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"","faq_items":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478596\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/478597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}