{"id":478325,"date":"2023-08-09T09:31:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:31:12","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:16:30","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:16:30","slug":"packet-switched-network","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/packet-switched-network\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng g\u00f3i, cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 phi\u00ean giao ti\u1ebfp, m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Donald Davies v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 khi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m V\u1eadt l\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c gia (NPL) \u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NPL (DCN) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967, sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ARPANET ti\u00ean phong, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, m\u1ed7i g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ri\u00eang l\u1ebb t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c n\u00fat k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. N\u00fat \u0111\u00edch t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>: Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/strong>: N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t n\u00fat ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn thay th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cao, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n<\/strong>: C\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>G\u00f3i<\/strong>: G\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf mang c\u1ea3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf) v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong>: B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i. H\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch trong m\u1ed7i g\u00f3i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fat ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc<\/strong>: B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN) v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3i tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat m\u1ea1ng cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. M\u1ed7i g\u00f3i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u00fat trung gian, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y ti\u1ebfp theo cho m\u1ed7i g\u00f3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/strong>: C\u00e1c g\u00f3i di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 qua m\u1ea1ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i, cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ch \u1ea3o<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u1ea3o, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i theo, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch k\u00eanh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>D\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>IP (Giao th\u1ee9c Internet)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean internet, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn g\u00f3i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>MPLS (Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e3n \u0111a giao th\u1ee9c)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>X.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng c\u0169 h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7n nay g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>R\u01a1le khung<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Cung c\u1ea5p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Internet<\/strong>: To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng internet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Tho\u1ea1i qua IP (VoIP)<\/strong>: D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 VoIP t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tho\u1ea1i qua internet, cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tho\u1ea1i linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t video<\/strong>: N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t video tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01a1i game tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong>: Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea5t g\u00f3i<\/strong>: Do t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5<\/strong>: S\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong>: Khi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (QoS), thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<p>H\u00e3y n\u00eau b\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang v\u1edbi M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch k\u00eanh:<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 phi\u00ean giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i do t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, trong khi M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ch t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2>Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>IPv6<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng IPv6, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a IPv4, s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SDN)<\/strong>: SDN cho ph\u00e9p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng 5G<\/strong>: S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng 5G h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 Internet of Things (IoT) v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u1ea2o h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng (NFV)<\/strong>: NFV cho ph\u00e9p \u1ea3o h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng, cho ph\u00e9p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i, mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u1ea9n danh<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u1ea9n danh trong khi duy\u1ec7t internet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m<\/strong>: Proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m, gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u truy xu\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb internet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n trong M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Internet (ISOC)<\/a>: M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn chuy\u00ean th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edf, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Internet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.netacad.com\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng Cisco<\/a>: Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.comsoc.org\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng IEEE<\/a>: M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho Internet v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":478326,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-478325","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Packet Switched Network: A Comprehensive Overview<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is a Packet Switched Network?","answer":"<p>A Packet Switched Network is a communication network that efficiently transmits data in the form of smaller packets, allowing flexible and reliable data transfer across interconnected nodes.<\/p>"},{"question":"Who proposed the concept of Packet Switching, and when was it first implemented?","answer":"<p>The concept of Packet Switching was proposed by Donald Davies in the early 1960s. The first practical implementation took place with the development of the NPL Data Communications Network (DCN) in 1967, which later became part of the pioneering ARPANET.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does a Packet Switched Network work internally?","answer":"<p>Packet Switched Networks break down data into smaller packets, each containing a portion of the original data and control information. These packets are independently forwarded through the network's nodes, reassembling at the destination to reconstruct the original data.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Packet Switched Networks?","answer":"<p>Some key features of Packet Switched Networks include asynchronous communication, efficient resource utilization, reliability through packet rerouting, and scalability to accommodate growing numbers of devices and users.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of Packet Switched Networks exist?","answer":"<p>Various types of Packet Switched Networks include IP (Internet Protocol), MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching), X.25, and Frame Relay, each with specific characteristics and applications.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are Packet Switched Networks used, and what problems can occur?","answer":"<p>Packet Switched Networks are widely used for internet communication, VoIP, video streaming, online gaming, and more. Potential issues include packet loss, latency, and security concerns, which can be addressed through Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms and encryption protocols.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does the future of Packet Switched Networks look like?","answer":"<p>The future of Packet Switched Networks holds promising technologies such as IPv6 adoption, SDN implementation, 5G networks, and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) to enhance network capabilities and flexibility.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with Packet Switched Networks?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers play a crucial role in Packet Switched Networks by providing anonymity, content filtering, load balancing, and caching, ensuring secure and efficient data transmission.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478325\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/478326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}