{"id":478299,"date":"2023-08-09T09:30:30","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:30:30","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-06-05T06:46:24","modified_gmt":"2024-06-05T06:46:24","slug":"osi-layer","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/osi-layer\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1edbp OSI"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI (K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khung kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/h2>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp OSI v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 b\u1edfi T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISO) v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh Vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ITU). M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/h2>\n

M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbp OSI ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. B\u1ea3y l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m: c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u00ean (\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng, Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, Phi\u00ean) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi (Giao th\u00f4ng, M\u1ea1ng, Li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, V\u1eadt l\u00fd). M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/h2>\n

L\u1edbp OSI ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y l\u1edbp sau:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. L\u1edbp v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong> X\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc, v.v.<\/li>\n
  2. L\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
  3. L\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 logic nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/li>\n
  4. L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n
  5. L\u1edbp phi\u00ean:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
  6. L\u1edbp tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y:<\/strong> D\u1ecbch, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  7. L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 email, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00f4-\u0111un, t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia quy tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y l\u1edbp, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp OSI<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp OSI t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201clo\u1ea1i\u201d kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp OSI \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    L\u1edbp OSI<\/th>\nC\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chung<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/td>\nEthernet, USB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nEthernet, Wi-Fi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u1ea1ng<\/td>\nIP, ICMP, Giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf<\/td>\nTCP, UDP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp<\/td>\nNetBIOS, RPC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nTLS, SSL, JPEG<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nHTTP, FTP, SMTP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp OSI, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ed5 sung ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/th>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    S\u1ed1 l\u1edbp<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T\u00ean l\u1edbp<\/td>\nV\u1eadt l\u00fd cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nLi\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/td>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/td>\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/td>\nISO, ITU<\/td>\nDARPA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp OSI<\/h2>\n

    M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n bi\u00ean v\u00e0 IoT \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi l\u1edbp OSI<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 do OneProxy cung c\u1ea5p, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf l\u1edbp \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

    Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n

    Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp OSI.<\/p>\n