{"id":478216,"date":"2023-08-09T09:29:10","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:29:10","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:16:18","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:16:18","slug":"non-negative-matrix-factorization-nmf","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/non-negative-matrix-factorization-nmf\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, khai th\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, tin sinh h\u1ecdc, v.v. NMF cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m th\u00e0nh hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vect\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF) v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/h2>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ma tr\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Paul Paatero v\u00e0 Unto Tapper, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n t\u1eed ma tr\u1eadn d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1994. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cPh\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n t\u1eed ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m 1999, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Daniel D. Lee v\u00e0 H. Sebastian Seung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho NMF trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cT\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m\u201d. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m, cho ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, NMF \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF)<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 ma tr\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u201cV\u201d, v\u1edbi hai ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201cW\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cH\u201d. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ma tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y sao cho t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ma tr\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n<p>V \u2248 WH<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V l\u00e0 ma tr\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc mxn<\/li>\n<li>W l\u00e0 ma tr\u1eadn c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc mxk (trong \u0111\u00f3 k l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 vect\u01a1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n mong mu\u1ed1n)<\/li>\n<li>H l\u00e0 ma tr\u1eadn h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kxn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a W v\u00e0 H c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. NMF th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c, b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u xen k\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i gi\u1eefa V v\u00e0 WH.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF). C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF).<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m:<\/strong> NMF th\u1ef1c thi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ma tr\u1eadn c\u01a1 s\u1edf W v\u00e0 ma tr\u1eadn h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 H. R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c vect\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> NMF cho ph\u00e9p tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00f3 trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a NMF l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i vect\u01a1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf trong W t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, trong khi ma tr\u1eadn h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 H ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00e9n v\u00e0 kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> NMF c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9n v\u00e0 kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vect\u01a1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u1ea3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c trong khi gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF)<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c:<\/strong> NMF th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ma tr\u1eadn c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 ma tr\u1eadn h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn:<\/strong> NMF cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n, gi\u00fap n\u00f3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1eabu c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> NMF t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, cho ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/strong> C\u00e1c vect\u01a1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb NMF th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n:<\/strong> NMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n:<\/strong> NMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF)<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m, m\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i NMF ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>NMF c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a NMF do Lee v\u00e0 Seung \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u xen k\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>NMF th\u01b0a th\u1edbt:<\/strong> Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>NMF m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n NMF m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>NMF ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p:<\/strong> Trong NMF ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, cho ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n NMF:<\/strong> Kernel NMF m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m NMF sang kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng do kernel t\u1ea1o ra, cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi tuy\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>NMF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t:<\/strong> Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i NMF<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>NMF c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NMF th\u01b0a th\u1edbt<\/td>\n<td>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NMF m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/td>\n<td>X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NMF ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<td>Cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n NMF<\/td>\n<td>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng NMF sang kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ednh n\u0103ng do kernel t\u1ea1o ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NMF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/td>\n<td>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u00e3n l\u1edbp cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF), c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn NMF nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NMF:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110ang x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong> NMF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9n \u1ea3nh, kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Khai th\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> NMF h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, ph\u00e2n c\u1ee5m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Tin sinh h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> NMF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh:<\/strong> NMF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<\/strong> NMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o:<\/strong> NMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho W v\u00e0 H. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong NMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t trong t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh quy h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Trang b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong> Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NMF \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb kh\u1edbp qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh quy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c trang b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Chia t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> NMF nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. Chia t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng NMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n NMF x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch.<\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\n<th>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/th>\n<th>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/th>\n<th>th\u01b0a th\u1edbt<\/th>\n<th>X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu<\/th>\n<th>Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF)<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<td>Cao<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<td>tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh (PCA)<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (ICA)<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 Dirichlet ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n (LDA)<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>Cao<\/td>\n<td>th\u01b0a th\u1edbt<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF):<\/strong> NMF th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ma tr\u1eadn c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh (PCA):<\/strong> PCA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c giao, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (ICA):<\/strong> ICA nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n PCA nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh th\u01b0a th\u1edbt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 Dirichlet ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n (LDA):<\/strong> LDA l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u01b0a th\u1edbt nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF).<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn NMF nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp s\u00e2u:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p NMF v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n NMF m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho mi\u1ec1n:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n NMF cho c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y t\u1ebf, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: GPU v\u00e0 TPU), vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n NMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n:<\/strong> Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n NMF tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF).<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong giao ti\u1ebfp internet, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 NMF kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m web:<\/strong> M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m web \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. NMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung mang t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/strong> M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u web v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u duy\u1ec7t web. Sau \u0111\u00f3, NMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> NMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111i qua m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung:<\/strong> NMF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung, gi\u00fap ch\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m (NMF), vui l\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/44565\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n t\u1eed ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m \u2013 Daniel D. Lee v\u00e0 H. Sebastian Seung<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-negative_matrix_factorization\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n t\u1eed ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.datacamp.com\/community\/tutorials\/tutorial-nmf-python\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u2013 Datacamp<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/towardsdatascience.com\/nmf-unsupervised-feature-extraction-e1582b4e5afe\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 Medium<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2002.01460\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">H\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u2013 arXiv<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":469015,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-478216","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF)<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF)?","answer":"<p>Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a powerful mathematical technique used for data analysis, feature extraction, and dimensionality reduction. It decomposes a non-negative data matrix into two or more non-negative matrices, providing interpretable results with additive components.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) work?","answer":"<p>NMF approximates a non-negative data matrix (V) by finding two non-negative matrices (W and H) such that V \u2248 WH. The basis matrix (W) represents meaningful features, and the coefficient matrix (H) indicates their relevance in each data sample.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF)?","answer":"<p>The key features of NMF include the non-negativity constraint, parts-based representation, dimensionality reduction, interpretability, robustness to missing data, and flexibility in optimization techniques.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) exist?","answer":"<p>There are various types of NMF, such as classic NMF, sparse NMF, robust NMF, hierarchical NMF, kernel NMF, and supervised NMF, each tailored for specific applications and constraints.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) be used?","answer":"<p>NMF finds applications in image processing, text mining, bioinformatics, audio signal processing, recommendation systems, and more. It aids in tasks like image compression, topic modeling, gene expression analysis, and source separation.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the challenges and solutions related to Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF)?","answer":"<p>Challenges in NMF include initialization sensitivity, divergence issues, overfitting, data scaling, and handling missing data. These can be addressed by using appropriate initialization strategies, update rules, regularization, and imputation techniques.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) compare to other techniques?","answer":"<p>NMF stands out with its non-negativity constraint, interpretability, and sparsity control. In comparison, techniques like PCA, ICA, and LDA may offer orthogonal components, independence, or topic modeling but lack certain features of NMF.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future perspectives of Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF)?","answer":"<p>The future of NMF includes integrations with deep learning, development of robust and scalable algorithms, domain-specific applications, hardware acceleration, and advancements in online and incremental learning techniques.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers be associated with Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF)?","answer":"<p>While not directly linked, proxy servers can benefit from NMF in web caching, user behavior analysis, anomaly detection, content filtering, and classification, leading to more efficient and secure internet communication.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478216\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/469015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}