{"id":478098,"date":"2023-08-09T09:27:27","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:27:27","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:16:03","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:16:03","slug":"nat-traversal","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/nat-traversal\/","title":{"rendered":"truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda sau B\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng (NAT) kh\u00e1c nhau. NAT th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4, d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang sang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp internet. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NAT. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT gi\u00fap kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01a1n tru.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a NAT traversal v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 khi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng NAT tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn do c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb giao th\u1ee9c STUN (Ti\u1ec7n \u00edch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i phi\u00ean cho NAT), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999. STUN cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 NAT traversal: M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 NAT traversal<\/h2>\n<p>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NAT kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i NAT, \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a NAT traversal bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>STUN (Ti\u1ec7n \u00edch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i phi\u00ean cho NAT)<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 STUN gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i NAT m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9ng sau v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>TURN (Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng R\u01a1le xung quanh NAT)<\/strong>: Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 TURN \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>ICE (Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c)<\/strong>: ICE l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p STUN v\u00e0 TURN \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a NAT traversal: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NAT traversal<\/h2>\n<p>NAT traversal ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p giao ti\u1ebfp xuy\u00ean ranh gi\u1edbi NAT. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/strong>: M\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch truy v\u1ea5n m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 STUN \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>: C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng STUN \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i NAT c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng m\u1edf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/strong>: D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb STUN, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ngang h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng do NAT \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd quay l\u1ea1i giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 TURN.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a NAT traversal<\/h2>\n<p>NAT traversal mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a<\/strong>: NAT traversal lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ed5ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p giao ti\u1ebfp ngang h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao<\/strong>: NAT ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o li\u00ean l\u1ea1c an to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u00e1c NAT trong khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn li\u00ean l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>STUN (Ti\u1ec7n \u00edch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i phi\u00ean cho NAT)<\/td>\n<td>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i NAT v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin IP\/c\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>TURN (Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng R\u01a1le xung quanh NAT)<\/td>\n<td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ICE (Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c)<\/td>\n<td>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p STUN v\u00e0 TURN \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NAT traversal, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>NAT traversal t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>VoIP (Giao th\u1ee9c tho\u1ea1i qua Internet)<\/strong>: NAT traversal \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o li\u00ean l\u1ea1c li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch VoIP, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Chia s\u1ebb t\u1ec7p P2P<\/strong>: NAT traversal cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c nhau chia s\u1ebb t\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01a1i game tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong>: Game th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 NAT \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 TURN \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ICE \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>NAT (D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng)<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang sang \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp internet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trung gian h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean internet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>NAT traversal b\u1ed5 sung cho t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a NAT.<\/p>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT<\/h2>\n<p>Khi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng IPv6 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhu c\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i v\u00ec IPv6 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb IPv4 sang IPv6, vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi NAT traversal<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian cho vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb1ng sau NAT. Khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc5389\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RFC 5389 \u2013 Giao th\u1ee9c STUN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc5766\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RFC 5766 \u2013 Giao th\u1ee9c TURN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc8445\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RFC 8445 \u2013 ICE: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i NAT, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch, n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ngang h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":478099,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-478098","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>NAT Traversal: Exploring the Secrets of Seamless Communication<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is NAT traversal, and why is it important?","answer":"<p>NAT traversal, also known as Network Address Translation traversal, is a technology that allows devices located behind different NATs to communicate with each other. It is essential because NATs are commonly used to conserve IPv4 addresses, making direct communication between devices behind different NATs difficult. NAT traversal techniques enable seamless data transmission and enhance connectivity in modern networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did NAT traversal originate, and when was it first mentioned?","answer":"<p>The concept of NAT traversal emerged in the late 1990s due to the widespread adoption of NATs caused by the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. The first mention of NAT traversal can be traced back to the introduction of the STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) protocol in 1999. STUN servers allowed devices to discover their public IP addresses and traverse NATs using various network behaviors.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the internal structure of NAT traversal, and how does it work?","answer":"<p>NAT traversal works by leveraging specific protocols and techniques to facilitate communication across NAT boundaries. The process involves address discovery, connectivity checks, and traversal methods. Devices query STUN servers to obtain their public IP and port information. Based on the results, they attempt direct peer-to-peer communication. If that's not possible, they fallback to relayed communication using TURN servers.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of NAT traversal?","answer":"<p>NAT traversal brings several essential features to network communication. It simplifies network configuration, improves connectivity by enabling direct communication, and enhances security by keeping internal IP addresses hidden behind NATs.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of NAT traversal exist?","answer":"<p>Several NAT traversal methods exist to address different network scenarios. The main types include:<\/p><ul><li>STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT): Identifies NAT type and obtains public IP\/port information.<\/li><li>TURN (Traversal Using Relays around NAT): Acts as a relay when direct communication is not possible.<\/li><li>ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment): Combines STUN and TURN for optimal connection path establishment.<\/li><\/ul>"},{"question":"How is NAT traversal used, and what problems does it solve?","answer":"<p>NAT traversal finds applications in various scenarios, such as VoIP, P2P file sharing, and online gaming. It solves challenges like symmetric NATs, firewall restrictions, and asymmetric routing by using TURN servers for relaying data and ICE for optimal path selection.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does NAT traversal compare to other similar terms?","answer":"<p>NAT traversal complements firewalls and proxy servers by enabling direct communication between devices behind NATs. While NATs translate private IP addresses to public ones, firewalls control network traffic, and proxy servers act as intermediaries for client-server communication.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future prospects of NAT traversal?","answer":"<p>As IPv6 adoption grows, the need for NAT traversal will diminish, as IPv6 provides a vast address space. However, during the transitional period from IPv4 to IPv6, NAT traversal will remain crucial to ensure compatibility between the two addressing schemes.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with NAT traversal?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers play a vital role in NAT traversal by acting as intermediaries for communication between devices behind NATs. When direct communication is not possible, devices can connect to a proxy server that relays data between them, ensuring successful data transmission.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478098\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/478099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}