{"id":478066,"date":"2023-08-09T09:26:45","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:26:45","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:16:00","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:16:00","slug":"mpls","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/mpls\/","title":{"rendered":"MPLS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>MPLS, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Multiprotocol Label Switching, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean IP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3i nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (QoS). MPLS \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a MPLS v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 n\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a MPLS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb Cisco Systems l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a MPLS nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong Internet ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u0103m 1996, Ykov Rekhter v\u00e0 Eric Rosen, hai nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cchuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e3n\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a MPLS trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o cho L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Internet (IETF). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 MPLS v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 MPLS: M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 MPLS<\/h2>\n<p>MPLS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa L\u1edbp 2 (L\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 L\u1edbp 3 (L\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng) c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n\u201d (LSP). Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, MPLS gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 MPLS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a MPLS: MPLS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a MPLS, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng MPLS, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o n\u00f3 b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o. Nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh ng\u1eafn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i \u0111i qua m\u1ea1ng. Khi g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn trung gian, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00f3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n MPLS thay v\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e3n di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, khi\u1ebfn MPLS tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra, nh\u00e3n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u00f3a v\u00e0 g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn IP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a MPLS<\/h2>\n<p>MPLS t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt giao th\u00f4ng<\/strong>: MPLS cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn m\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua m\u1ea1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (QoS)<\/strong>: MPLS h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 QoS b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 video.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: MPLS cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ea1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ngay c\u1ea3 khi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3i nhanh<\/strong>: Do chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n, MPLS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang \u1ea3o (VPN)<\/strong>: MPLS th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i MPLS<\/h2>\n<p>MPLS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i MPLS ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ki\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>MPLS LDP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>MPLS v\u1edbi Giao th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u00e3n (LDP) cho ph\u00e9p g\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u00e3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>MPLS RSVP-TE<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>MPLS v\u1edbi Giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (RSVP-TE) cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>VPN MPLS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>M\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang \u1ea3o (VPN) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean MPLS t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng an to\u00e0n, bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u00f9ng chung.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng MPLS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>MPLS-TE t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MPLS, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>MPLS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>: MPLS th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o M\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng (WAN) an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u chi nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP)<\/strong>: ISP s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MPLS \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 VPN d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean MPLS c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o QoS.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: MPLS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb th\u00e1p di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng l\u00f5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: MPLS t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o, MPLS c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MPLS bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng MPLS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng MPLS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng MPLS m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd MPLS thu\u00ea ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>: C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 MPLS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p uy t\u00edn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/strong>: C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a MPLS v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n<th>So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3i<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>MPLS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e3n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a MPLS.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt giao th\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>MPLS cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn IP.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 QoS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>MPLS cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng QoS m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd so v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng IP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn MPLS<\/h2>\n<p>Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, MPLS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn MPLS bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n (SR)<\/strong>: SR l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean MPLS gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SDN)<\/strong>: SDN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho MPLS b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch (IBN)<\/strong>: IBN s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AI v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi m\u1ea1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng MPLS.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p IPv6<\/strong>: Khi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng IPv6 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, MPLS s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean IPv6 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi MPLS nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 MPLS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi MPLS:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u01b0u v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i dung, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng MPLS v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao<\/strong>: Proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho m\u1ea1ng MPLS.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/strong>: Proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ea1ng MPLS.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u li\u00ean k\u1ebft MPLS, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 MPLS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/wg\/mpls\/documents\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c IETF MPLS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/tech\/ios-nx-os-software\/multiprotocol-label-switching-mpls\/white_paper_c11-559048.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 MPLS c\u1ee7a Cisco<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.juniper.net\/documentation\/en_US\/mpls\/topics\/concept\/mpls-mpls-overview.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Trung t\u00e2m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean MPLS c\u1ee7a Juniper Networks<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, MPLS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, MPLS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-478066","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>MPLS: A Comprehensive Guide<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is MPLS?","answer":"<p>MPLS, which stands for Multiprotocol Label Switching, is an advanced networking technology that improves data forwarding and network performance. It introduces labels to data packets, allowing for faster and more efficient packet forwarding compared to traditional IP-based routing.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did MPLS originate, and when was it first mentioned?","answer":"<p>MPLS was first introduced by engineers and researchers from Cisco Systems in the late 1990s. The initial concept of \"label switching\" as part of MPLS was formally mentioned in a draft document for the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in 1996 by Yakov Rekhter and Eric Rosen.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does MPLS work internally?","answer":"<p>MPLS operates as a middle layer between the OSI Layer 2 and Layer 3. When a data packet enters an MPLS network, a label is attached to it by the ingress router. Routers then switch packets based on these labels rather than analyzing destination IP addresses, resulting in faster packet forwarding.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of MPLS?","answer":"<p>MPLS offers several key features, including traffic engineering, Quality of Service (QoS) support, scalability, fast packet forwarding, and the ability to create Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) for enhanced security.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the different types of MPLS?","answer":"<p>MPLS comes in various types based on its applications and functionality. Some common types include MPLS LDP (Label Distribution Protocol), MPLS RSVP-TE (Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering), MPLS VPN (Virtual Private Network), and MPLS Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE).<\/p>"},{"question":"How is MPLS used, and what problems can arise?","answer":"<p>MPLS is used in enterprise networks, ISPs, mobile backhaul networks, and data centers to create efficient and secure connections. Common challenges include complexity, cost, and vendor interoperability. These can be addressed by outsourcing MPLS management, optimizing costs, and adhering to standardization.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the main characteristics of MPLS compared to similar terms?","answer":"<p>MPLS stands out with its label-based packet forwarding, label switching concept, efficient traffic engineering, and robust QoS support when compared to traditional IP networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"What does the future hold for MPLS?","answer":"<p>In the future, MPLS is likely to remain a fundamental part of networking. Emerging technologies like Segment Routing (SR), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), and Intent-Based Networking (IBN) may complement MPLS, enhancing its capabilities.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers be used with MPLS?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can enhance MPLS networks by providing content filtering, improved security, geolocation routing, and load balancing. They work as intermediaries between clients and servers, optimizing traffic flow within the MPLS network.<\/p><p>Explore the power of MPLS and its potential to revolutionize your network!<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478066","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478066\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}