{"id":477977,"date":"2023-08-09T09:23:20","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:23:20","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:15:50","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:15:50","slug":"media-access-control","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/media-access-control\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng quan tr\u1ecdng chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng trong th\u1ebb giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng (NIC), n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng Ethernet v\u00e0 Wi-Fi.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 n\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 khi Ethernet \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chia s\u1ebb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1973:<\/strong> Robert Metcalfe v\u00e0 David Boggs t\u1ea1i Xerox PARC b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ethernet.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1975:<\/strong> Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ethernet \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1980:<\/strong> Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEEE 802.3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a l\u1edbp Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t logic k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong l\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 n\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd giao th\u1ee9c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh khung:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c khung \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a card m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1edbp con MAC s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng duy nh\u1ea5t (\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MAC:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>CSMA\/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n va ch\u1ea1m):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Ethernet truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CSMA\/CA (\u0110a truy c\u1eadp nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng Wi-Fi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng Token Ring.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i NIC c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/strong> Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quy t\u1eafc giao th\u1ee9c:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n:<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i giao th\u1ee9c MAC kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i giao th\u1ee9c<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>CSMA\/CD<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng Ethernet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CSMA\/CA<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u1ea1ng Wi-Fi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nh\u1eabn m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng Token Ring c\u1ee7a IBM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>TDMA<\/td>\n<td>\u0110a truy c\u1eadp ph\u00e2n chia th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>FDMA<\/td>\n<td>\u0110a truy c\u1eadp ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CSMA\/CA \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/strong> Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ecdc MAC \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa MAC (Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n) v\u00e0 LLC (Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t li\u00ean k\u1ebft logic):<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n<th>L\u1edbp MAC<\/th>\n<th>L\u1edbp LLC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\n<td>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp<\/td>\n<td>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/td>\n<td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/td>\n<td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft logic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Giao th\u1ee9c<\/td>\n<td>CSMA\/CD, v.v.<\/td>\n<td>HDLC, v.v.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 IoT, m\u1ea1ng 5G, v.v.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieee802.org\/3\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ethernet IEEE 802.3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/support\/docs\/lan-switching\/ethernet\/28905-44.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 OneProxy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy nh\u01b0 OneProxy.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":477978,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477977","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Media Access Control (MAC)<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Media Access Control (MAC)?","answer":"<p>Media Access Control (MAC) is a policy that determines how data packets are placed on network links. It's part of the data link layer in the OSI model, handling aspects like frame delimiting, addressing, and error detection within both Ethernet and Wi-Fi networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did Media Access Control originate?","answer":"<p>Media Access Control originated in the early 1970s during the development of Ethernet by Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs at Xerox PARC. It was further formalized with the creation of the IEEE 802.3 standard in 1980.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Media Access Control?","answer":"<p>The key features of Media Access Control include the uniqueness of each Network Interface Card's MAC address, operation at the local network segment level, governance by specific protocols like CSMA\/CD, and flexibility to work with various physical medium types.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of Media Access Control exist?","answer":"<p>Types of Media Access Control protocols include CSMA\/CD (used in Ethernet networks), CSMA\/CA (common in Wi-Fi networks), Token Ring (used in IBM's networks), and methods like Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA).<\/p>"},{"question":"What problems might occur with Media Access Control, and how are they resolved?","answer":"<p>Problems related to Media Access Control may include collision and security concerns. Solutions include the implementation of specific access methods like CSMA\/CA to reduce collisions and MAC filtering to control device access and enhance security.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do proxy servers relate to Media Access Control?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers, like those provided by OneProxy, can utilize MAC addresses to filter or direct traffic based on specific rules. This integration with MAC addresses aids in enhancing network security and access control.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future perspectives and technologies related to Media Access Control?","answer":"<p>The future of Media Access Control lies in its enhancement to cater to evolving technologies like IoT, 5G networks, increased security measures, and integration with various emerging technological platforms.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can I find more information about Media Access Control?","answer":"<p>You can find more information about Media Access Control by visiting resources like the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Standard page, Cisco's guide on understanding MAC Addressing, and exploring services like those offered by OneProxy at their website.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477977\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/477978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}