{"id":477904,"date":"2023-08-09T09:22:19","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:22:19","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:15:41","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:15:41","slug":"mac-address","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/mac-address\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC (Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n) l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC l\u00e0 m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u1edf l\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 n\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c Ethernet do T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Xerox t\u1ea1o ra. Bob Metcalfe, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t minh ra Ethernet, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC l\u00e0 IEEE 802.1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1983.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC bao g\u1ed3m 48 bit, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c g\u00f3i m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. B\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong ph\u1ea7n s\u1ee5n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC Unicast:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC \u0111a h\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng:<\/strong> Nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf L\u1edbp 2 (L\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng LAN, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u1ea1ng Ethernet.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u c\u1eb7p ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <code data-no-translation=\"\">00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E<\/code>). C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>OUI (M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c):<\/strong> Ba octet \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>NIC (B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng) C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/strong> Ba octet cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i giao di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb:<\/strong> Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbp 2:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u1edf l\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ki\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/td>\n<td>Duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<td>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u00e1t tin<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<td>To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> Gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1ecdc MAC \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1:<\/strong> H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MAC Spoofing:<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng qua gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t:<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao th\u1ee9c IPv6, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>L\u1edbp<\/td>\n<td>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/td>\n<td>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ea1ng logic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td>N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i<\/td>\n<td>48 bit<\/td>\n<td>32 bit (IPv4), 128 bit (IPv6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 do OneProxy cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 proxy.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/standard\/802-1-2017.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEEE 802<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">Trang web ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a OneProxy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oreilly.com\/library\/view\/ethernet-the-definitive\/9781449344965\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ethernet: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Charles E. Spurgeon<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":468820,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477904","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>MAC Address<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is a MAC address?","answer":"<p>A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique hardware identification number that identifies each device on a network. It consists of 48 bits and operates at the data link layer of a network segment.<\/p>"},{"question":"What was the origin and history of the MAC address?","answer":"<p>The MAC address originated in the early 1970s as part of the Ethernet protocol created by Xerox Corporation. Bob Metcalfe played a crucial role in its development, and the first standard that defined it was IEEE 802.1, published in 1983.<\/p>"},{"question":"How is the MAC address structured?","answer":"<p>A MAC address consists of six pairs of hexadecimal digits. The first three octets are known as the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI), identifying the manufacturer, and the last three are specific to the Network Interface Controller (NIC) within the manufacturer's products.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of MAC addresses?","answer":"<p>MAC addresses can be categorized into Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast, Global, and Local. Unicast is unique to each device, Multicast identifies a group of devices, Broadcast refers to all devices in a network, Global is universally unique, and Local is locally administered.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some problems and solutions related to MAC addresses?","answer":"<p>Some common problems include MAC spoofing, which can be mitigated through network monitoring, and address exhaustion, solvable by using the IPv6 protocol. MAC addresses are also used for network management, security, and troubleshooting.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do MAC addresses relate to proxy servers like OneProxy?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers like OneProxy generally work with IP addresses rather than MAC addresses. However, understanding MAC addresses is essential for network management, monitoring, and security within the infrastructure that supports proxy services.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some future perspectives and technologies related to MAC addresses?","answer":"<p>Future technologies related to MAC addresses may include more dynamic usage, integration with IoT devices, and enhancements to security features.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can I find more information about MAC addresses?","answer":"<p>You can find more information about MAC addresses by referring to the <a href=\"https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/standard\/802-1-2017.html\" target=\"_new\">IEEE 802 Standard<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\" target=\"_new\">OneProxy Official Website<\/a>, and books like \"Ethernet: The Definitive Guide\" by Charles E. Spurgeon.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477904\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}