{"id":477674,"date":"2023-08-09T09:18:35","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:18:35","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:15:10","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:15:10","slug":"internet-protocol-address","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/internet-protocol-address\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao th\u1ee9c internet"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Giao th\u1ee9c Internet (IP) l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Internet. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Giao th\u1ee9c Internet \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao th\u1ee9c Internet<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Giao th\u1ee9c Internet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Internet, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ARPANET. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u1ea3y sinh khi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do Vinton Cerf v\u00e0 Robert E. Kahn xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u201cGiao th\u1ee9c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c m\u1ea1ng g\u00f3i\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1974, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn (TCP), sau n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh TCP\/IP .<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao th\u1ee9c Internet<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n s\u1ed1 32 bit ho\u1eb7c 128 bit, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 IPv4 ho\u1eb7c IPv6). N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trong m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m, m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 255 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 192.168.0.1). \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv6 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh t\u00e1m nh\u00f3m g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u hai ch\u1ea5m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao th\u1ee9c Internet<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1, trong khi m\u00e3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia gi\u1eefa hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 m\u1ea1ng con (IPv4) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 (IPv6).<\/p>\n<p>Trong IPv4, m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 m\u1ea1ng con bao g\u1ed3m 32 bit, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bit li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng b\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 m\u1ea1ng con 255.255.255.0 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng 24 bit \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 8 bit cho m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>IPv6 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c2001:0db8:85a3::\/48\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 48 bit \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 80 bit cho s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trong m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao th\u1ee9c Internet<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong>: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong>: IPv4 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang d\u1ea7n c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet. IPv6 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp qua internet ho\u1eb7c ri\u00eang t\u01b0, b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao th\u1ee9c Internet<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean internet. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean internet c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean internet. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean l\u1ea1c trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng (NAT) \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 v\u00e0 IPv6:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<th>IPv4<\/th>\n<th>IPv6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n 32 bit<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n 128 bit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (4,3 t\u1ef7)<\/td>\n<td>C\u1ef1c l\u1edbn (3,4 x 10^38)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/td>\n<td>\u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/td>\n<td>Ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<td>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, Global Unicast, v.v.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1ng con<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao th\u1ee9c Internet<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb: \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi internet, cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean l\u1ea1c li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng: \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP gi\u00fap b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd: \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u1ed9i dung.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4<\/strong>: V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Internet, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t kho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o IP<\/strong>: Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c \u201cgi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o\u201d \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 l\u1ecdc x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o IP.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Xung \u0111\u1ed9t IP<\/strong>: Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n xung \u0111\u1ed9t DHCP (Giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 IP gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao th\u1ee9c internet<\/th>\n<th>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n (DNS)<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/td>\n<td>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<td>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<td>S\u1ed1 (IPv4\/IPv6)<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: oneproxy.pro)<\/td>\n<td>H\u1ec7 th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n (48 bit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/td>\n<td>To\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<td>Internet r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd DNS<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang tr\u00ean Card m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n<p>Khi internet ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng IPv6<\/strong>: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh giao th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb khi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng khan hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 IoT<\/strong>: S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt (IoT) s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 IPv6<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IPv6, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi IPv4.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n an ninh<\/strong>: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean l\u1ea1c an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao th\u1ee9c Internet<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng) v\u00e0 internet. Khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy c\u1eadp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean web, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch thay m\u1eb7t cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u1ea9n danh<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9n danh kh\u00e1c nhau cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean internet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m<\/strong>: Proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Giao th\u1ee9c Internet, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ietf.org\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Internet (IETF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iana.org\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">C\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n Internet (IANA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arin.net\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">C\u01a1 quan \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd s\u1ed1 Internet Hoa K\u1ef3 (ARIN)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ripe.net\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Trung t\u00e2m \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i M\u1ea1ng RIPE (RIPE NCC)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ipv6forum.com\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n IPv6<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Giao th\u1ee9c Internet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Internet. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean l\u1ea1c li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi internet. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Internet h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":477675,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477674","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Internet Protocol Address: A Comprehensive Overview<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is an Internet Protocol (IP) address?","answer":"<p>An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. It serves as an identifier, enabling devices to communicate and exchange data across the internet.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did Internet Protocol addresses originate?","answer":"<p>The concept of IP addresses traces back to the early days of computer networks and the development of ARPANET, the precursor to the internet. The first mention of IP addresses can be found in a 1974 publication by Vinton Cerf and Robert E. Kahn, describing the Transmission Control Program (TCP), which later evolved into TCP\/IP.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does an IP address work?","answer":"<p>An IP address consists of two main parts: the network prefix and the host identifier. The network prefix identifies the specific network to which a device belongs, while the host identifier distinguishes individual devices within that network. This division is determined by a subnet mask in IPv4 or a prefix length in IPv6.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of an IP address?","answer":"<ul><li><p><strong>Uniqueness<\/strong>: IP addresses are unique identifiers, ensuring no two devices on the same network have the same address.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Routing<\/strong>: IP addresses play a crucial role in efficiently routing data packets across interconnected networks.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Version Differences<\/strong>: IPv4 offers a large address space but is running out of available addresses, while IPv6 provides an almost limitless pool of addresses.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>"},{"question":"What types of IP addresses exist?","answer":"<p>There are two main types of IP addresses:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>Public IP Address<\/strong>: Globally unique and routable on the internet, it identifies a device on the public network.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Private IP Address<\/strong>: Used within a local network and not routable on the internet, it enables communication within the local network.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>"},{"question":"How are IP addresses used, and what are the related problems and solutions?","answer":"<p>IP addresses are primarily used for device identification, network routing, and geolocation. However, the rapid growth of the internet has led to IPv4 address exhaustion, which is being addressed through the transition to IPv6. Other challenges include IP spoofing and IP conflicts, mitigated through security measures and network management solutions.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do proxy servers relate to IP addresses?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers act as intermediaries between users and the internet. They can enhance privacy and security by masking users' real IP addresses. Proxy servers can also aid in load balancing and caching, improving performance and resource usage.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the future outlook for IP addresses?","answer":"<p>The future of IP addresses lies in the widespread adoption of IPv6, given its virtually limitless address space. The Internet of Things (IoT) will drive the demand for more IP addresses, and improved security measures will play a vital role in ensuring a safe and reliable internet.<\/p>"},{"question":"Where can I find more information about IP addresses?","answer":"<p>For more in-depth information about IP addresses, you can explore resources from organizations like the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC), and the IPv6 Forum.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477674","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477674\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/477675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}