{"id":477527,"date":"2023-08-09T09:16:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:16:12","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:14:52","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:14:52","slug":"hyper-text-transfer-protocol-http","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/hyper-text-transfer-protocol-http\/","title":{"rendered":"Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean World Wide Web. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, cho ph\u00e9p truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung web nh\u01b0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, video v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1c. HTTP \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng khi duy\u1ec7t internet.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP) v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/h2>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a HTTP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 khi Tim Berners-Lee, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 World Wide Web. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1989, Berners-Lee \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t\u201d khi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i CERN (T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u). T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m si\u00eau li\u00ean k\u1ebft, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eb1ng giao di\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>Khi World Wide Web ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Berners-Lee \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n HTTP \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 HTTP\/0.9, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e9p tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u HTML t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, HTTP \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn HTTP\/1.0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1996 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 HTTP\/1.1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng HTTP\/1.1 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cho nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP). M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP).<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c l\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 TCP\/IP, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch-m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web, g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp URL (B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t) v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n Enter, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP t\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u1ed9i dung mong mu\u1ed1n. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i HTTP, bao g\u1ed3m n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i li\u00ean quan. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i HTTP sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi trang web.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP). C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP).<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o HTTP, c\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ec1u bao g\u1ed3m ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tin nh\u1eafn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. Ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, mang n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 HTML, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>HTTP s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>NH\u1eacN: Truy xu\u1ea5t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<li>POST: G\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 server x\u1eed l\u00fd, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu.<\/li>\n<li>PUT: C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<li>DELETE: X\u00f3a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 HEAD, OPTIONS, PATCH, v.v., m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>HTTP c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>200 OK: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li>404 Not Found: Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1ed7i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 500: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i khi x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>HTTP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: HTTP qua TCP v\u00e0 HTTP qua QUIC (K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet UDP nhanh). HTTP\/1.1 v\u00e0 HTTP\/2 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TCP l\u00e0m giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, trong khi HTTP\/3, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean QUIC, m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean UDP do Google ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. HTTP\/3 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u1ea5t g\u00f3i cao, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP).<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch<\/strong>: HTTP kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/strong>: HTTP \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, cho ph\u00e9p giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: HTTP cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m<\/strong>: HTTP h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m cho ph\u00e9p tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i trang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 proxy<\/strong>: HTTP t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP)<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n HTTP<\/th>\n<th>N\u0103m ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/th>\n<th>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTP\/0.9<\/td>\n<td>1991<\/td>\n<td>Giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, cho ph\u00e9p truy xu\u1ea5t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u HTML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTP\/1.0<\/td>\n<td>1996<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, m\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTP\/1.1<\/td>\n<td>1999<\/td>\n<td>T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTP\/2<\/td>\n<td>2015<\/td>\n<td>Gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, n\u00e9n ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTP\/3<\/td>\n<td>2020<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean QUIC, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP), c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy\u1ec7t web, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp trang web, xem n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i HTTP c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong>: HTTP truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, khi\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nghe l\u00e9n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng trung gian. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, HTTPS (HTTP Secure) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng giao th\u1ee9c SSL\/TLS.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong>: HTTP\/1.1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i trang. HTTP\/2 v\u00e0 HTTP\/3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u00e9n ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m HTTP \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i dung c\u0169 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung (CDN) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong>: C\u00e1c trang web c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch.<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n<th>HTTP<\/th>\n<th>HTTPS<\/th>\n<th>FTP (Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Lo\u1ea1i giao th\u1ee9c<\/td>\n<td>L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<td>L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<td>L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng<\/td>\n<td>80 (m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/td>\n<td>443 (m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/td>\n<td>21 (m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng SSL\/TLS<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<td>V\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n<\/td>\n<td>V\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n<\/td>\n<td>V\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/td>\n<td>Duy\u1ec7t web v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<td>Duy\u1ec7t web an to\u00e0n<\/td>\n<td>Chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp tin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP).<\/h2>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a HTTP g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, HTTP\/3, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt web. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i HTTP\/3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m duy\u1ec7t web, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1ea5t g\u00f3i cao.<\/p>\n<p>HTTP\/3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 HTTP\/2 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a QUIC. Khi internet ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, HTTP\/3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh giao th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb cho giao ti\u1ebfp web.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP).<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HTTP gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 cho m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m<\/strong>: Proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u1ea9n danh<\/strong>: Proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che d\u1ea5u danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh \u1ea9n danh v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng duy\u1ec7t web.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>: Proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c trang web ho\u1eb7c danh m\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong>: Proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp<\/strong>: Proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trang web ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2616\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u2014 HTTP\/1.1 (RFC 2616)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc7540\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2 (HTTP\/2) (RFC 7540)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc8446\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 3 (HTTP\/3) (RFC 8446)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/http-3-vs-http-2\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">HTTP\/3: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ti\u1ebfp theo cho Giao th\u1ee9c Internet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudflare.com\/learning\/security\/glossary\/what-is-http\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a HTTP: Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (HTTP) l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh World Wide Web v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n HTTP\/3 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Internet. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, HTTP\/3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m web nhanh h\u01a1n, an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn HTTP tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":468589,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477527","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?","answer":"<p>Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a fundamental protocol used for communication on the World Wide Web. It enables data exchange between web browsers and servers, allowing users to access and interact with web content like text, images, videos, and more.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did HTTP originate, and when was it first mentioned?","answer":"<p>HTTP's origins can be traced back to the late 1980s when Tim Berners-Lee developed the concept of the World Wide Web. In 1991, he introduced the first version of HTTP (HTTP\/0.9), which allowed browsers to request and receive HTML documents. HTTP evolved through versions like HTTP\/1.0 (1996) and HTTP\/1.1 (1999) to HTTP\/3 (2020).<\/p>"},{"question":"How does HTTP work, and what is its internal structure?","answer":"<p>HTTP uses a client-server model, where a client (web browser) sends requests to a server hosting the content. Each HTTP message consists of a header and an optional body. The header contains essential information, and the body carries the actual content. HTTP uses methods like GET, POST, PUT, and more for specific purposes.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of HTTP?","answer":"<p>HTTP boasts several vital features, including statelessness, platform independence, extensibility, caching, and proxy support. These features ensure efficient and scalable communication between clients and servers.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the different types of HTTP?","answer":"<p>HTTP has evolved into several versions, each with unique features. The notable ones are HTTP\/0.9, HTTP\/1.0, HTTP\/1.1, HTTP\/2, and the latest, HTTP\/3, which is built on the QUIC protocol.<\/p>"},{"question":"How is HTTP used, and what problems can arise?","answer":"<p>HTTP is primarily used for web browsing, but it has faced challenges such as security vulnerabilities, performance issues, caching problems, and load balancing. HTTPS addresses security concerns, and technologies like HTTP\/2 and HTTP\/3 improve performance.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the perspectives and future technologies related to HTTP?","answer":"<p>The future of HTTP lies in HTTP\/3, which offers improved performance and security. As technology advances, HTTP\/3 is likely to become the dominant protocol for web communication, enhancing the browsing experience.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with HTTP?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers act as intermediaries between clients and servers, providing benefits like caching, anonymity, content filtering, load balancing, and access control. They enhance the security and performance of HTTP communication.<\/p>"},{"question":"Where can I find more information about Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?","answer":"<p>For more in-depth knowledge about HTTP, you can refer to resources like RFC documents, articles about HTTP\/3, and discussions on its evolution and impact on web browsing.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477527\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}