{"id":477426,"date":"2023-08-09T09:14:50","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:14:50","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:14:41","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:14:41","slug":"hardware-identification","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/hardware-identification\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n (MAC), s\u1ed1 s\u00ea-ri ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong chip.<\/p>\n<h2>Truy t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, khi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 IBM b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e1n s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC cho th\u1ebb giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<h2>Gi\u1ea3i n\u00e9n nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef r\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 s\u00ea-ri, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng, bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 CPU.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (UUID): S\u1ed1 128 bit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 s\u00ea-ri \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (ESN): S\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00fang v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMEI): M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ph\u00eda sau pin.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng th\u1ebb m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (ICCID): M\u00e3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ebb SIM trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>ID ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng (HWID): M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong \u0111\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 CPU ho\u1eb7c \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 s\u00ea-ri ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00e3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t: M\u1ed7i m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u00ean tr\u00ec: M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng: H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt: Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ki\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u1ed1 seri<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e3 s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>UUID<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t 128 bit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ESN<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IMEI<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ICCID<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ebb SIM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HWID<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea1ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 theo d\u00f5i ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/td>\n<td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 s\u00ea-ri ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V\u00e2n tay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td>\n<td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n<p>Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng v\u1eady. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean sinh tr\u1eafc h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi Internet of Things (IoT) m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00ec m\u00e3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy nh\u01b0 OneProxy l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifewire.com\/internet-network-mac-addresses-explained-817950\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universally_unique_identifier\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">UUID l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fcc.gov\/consumers\/guides\/esn-meid-imei\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ESN, MEID v\u00e0 IMEI<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.comparitech.com\/blog\/information-security\/device-fingerprinting\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":477427,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477426","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Hardware Identification: Unveiling the Invisible Identity of Computers<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Hardware Identification?","answer":"<p>Hardware Identification refers to the unique identifiers assigned to computer hardware or software for various purposes like tracking, security, inventory management, etc. This could be a MAC address, serial number, or a unique identifier embedded in a chip.<\/p>"},{"question":"When was Hardware Identification first introduced?","answer":"<p>The concept of Hardware Identification originated during the early days of mainframe computers in the 1960s. As the use of personal computers and networked environments increased, the need for unique identifiers became more acute, leading to the development of identifiers like the MAC address in the 1970s and 1980s.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the most common types of Hardware Identification?","answer":"<p>The most common types of hardware identifiers are MAC addresses, which uniquely identify network interfaces, and serial numbers, which are used to identify specific hardware pieces like hard drives, CPUs, etc. Other types include the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID), Electronic Serial Number (ESN), International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI), Integrated Circuit Card Identifier (ICCID), and Hardware ID (HWID).<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Hardware Identification work?","answer":"<p>Each piece of hardware in a computer or network has a unique identifier embedded in it during manufacturing. When a computer boots up, the operating system reads these identifiers to understand the hardware's properties and interact correctly with it. In network environments, hardware identifiers like MAC addresses are used to route data to the correct destination.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Hardware Identification?","answer":"<p>Key features of Hardware Identification include uniqueness (each identifier is unique to a specific piece of hardware), persistence (the identifier remains constant, regardless of software changes or reboots), availability (identifiers can be accessed by the operating system and by software applications), and security (they can be used for device authentication, digital rights management, and anti-piracy measures).<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers related to Hardware Identification?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can use hardware identification for enhanced security and user management. For instance, a proxy server could authenticate devices based on their hardware identifiers before allowing them to connect. However, proxy servers should also respect privacy concerns, as hardware identifiers can potentially be used to track users' online activities.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477426\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/477427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}