{"id":477305,"date":"2023-08-09T09:10:23","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:10:23","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:14:26","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:14:26","slug":"freedom-of-information","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/freedom-of-information\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin (FOI) l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin do c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin<\/h2>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Khai s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, n\u01a1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1766, v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 do B\u00e1o ch\u00ed, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin (FOIA) mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan li\u00ean bang, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin<\/h2>\n<p>Lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00fd do nh\u01b0 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia, th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin, c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e8m theo l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c t\u00f2a \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin<\/h2>\n<p>C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c FOI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, khung th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 duy tr\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, cung c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chi ti\u00eau, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t: N\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o hay nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn: N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n, tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng: C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh: C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c t\u00f2a \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: Lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u1eafc M\u1ef9<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin (FOIA), \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Th\u00f4ng tin (Canada)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin (Anh), Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9), Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin (Pakistan)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin (\u00dac), \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Th\u00f4ng tin Ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (New Zealand)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u00e2u phi<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin (Nam Phi), \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin (Nigeria)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin: Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c chung v\u1edbi T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u do c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n quan li\u00eau ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1eb7t ra khung th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xem x\u00e9t t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt FOI.<\/p>\n<h2>So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/th>\n<th>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin<\/td>\n<td>Quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin do c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edf<\/td>\n<td>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Minh b\u1ea1ch<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u1edfi m\u1edf trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng tin, quy t\u1eafc, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/td>\n<td>Quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin<\/h2>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AI v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t internet v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foia.gov\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin (Hoa K\u1ef3)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ico.org.uk\/for-organisations\/guide-to-freedom-of-information\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin (V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/a-1\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin (Canada)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rti.gov.in\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oaic.gov.au\/freedom-of-information\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 do Th\u00f4ng tin (\u00dac)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ombudsman.parliament.nz\/what-we-do\/freedom-information-official-information\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (New Zealand)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477305","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Freedom of Information: A Detailed Analysis<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is the Freedom of Information?","answer":"<p>Freedom of Information (FOI) is a universally recognized right that allows individuals to access information held by public authorities. It emphasizes transparency and accountability in government and public sector entities.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the historical origin of Freedom of Information?","answer":"<p>The origins of Freedom of Information can be traced back to the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century. The first formal recognition of this right occurred in Sweden in 1766, with the Freedom of the Press Act. Modern FOI laws, like the United States' Freedom of Information Act, were established in the mid-20th century.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Freedom of Information work?","answer":"<p>Freedom of Information works by allowing individuals to make a formal request to public authorities for access to specific information. These authorities then have a specified time to respond. They can either provide the information, reject the request with an explanation, or claim that they do not hold the information.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Freedom of Information?","answer":"<p>Key features of Freedom of Information include universality, accessibility, proactivity, accountability, and the specification of certain limitations.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of Freedom of Information based on jurisdictions?","answer":"<p>FOI laws vary by region. In North America, there's the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in the US and the Access to Information Act in Canada. Europe has the Freedom of Information Act in the UK and the Principle of Public Access in Sweden. Asia has the Right to Information Act in India and the Freedom of Information Order in Pakistan. Oceania has the Freedom of Information Act in Australia and the Official Information Act in New Zealand. Africa has the Access to Information Act in South Africa and the Freedom of Information Act in Nigeria.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some challenges and solutions related to the use of Freedom of Information?","answer":"<p>Common challenges include delays in responding to requests and overuse of exceptions to deny requests. Solutions can involve setting strict response timeframes and penalties for non-compliance, providing independent oversight, and promoting a culture of transparency within government.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Freedom of Information compare to similar concepts like Open Data, Transparency, and Right to Privacy?","answer":"<p>While FOI relates to the right to access information held by public authorities, Open Data refers to data freely available to everyone, Transparency involves clear disclosure of information, rules, plans, processes, and actions by the government, and Right to Privacy is about controlling personal information and how it's collected, used, and disclosed.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the future of Freedom of Information with regards to technology?","answer":"<p>The future of Freedom of Information is intertwined with advances in technology, like digital storage, AI, machine learning, and blockchain technology. These can enhance storage, search, and dissemination of information. However, they also require robust systems to manage digital information and skills to use these systems effectively.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers be used with Freedom of Information?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can provide an additional layer of privacy protection for individuals making FOI requests. They can also help bypass internet censorship, thereby enabling access to information that might otherwise be inaccessible.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477305\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}