{"id":477140,"date":"2023-08-09T09:08:09","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:08:09","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:14:06","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:14:06","slug":"evolutionary-computing","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/evolutionary-computing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 v\u00e0 60, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Lawrence J. Fogel, John H. Holland v\u00e0 Hans-Paul Schwefel \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Fogel v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00e0nh vi th\u00edch \u1ee9ng trong tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. C\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, Holland \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n, trong khi Schwefel kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ed5ng quan chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc: sinh s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>M\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c to\u00e1n t\u1eed di truy\u1ec1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 lai gh\u00e9p (t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p), l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ebf h\u1ec7\u201d. \u1ede m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp theo. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a: N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<p>Lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o: Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: S\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m th\u00edch nghi.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: C\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li>Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3: C\u00e1c to\u00e1n t\u1eed di truy\u1ec1n (\u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 lai gh\u00e9p) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li>Thay th\u1ebf: C\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc 2 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<pre><div class=\"bg-black rounded-md mb-4\"><div class=\"flex items-center relative text-gray-200 bg-gray-800 px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between rounded-t-md\"><span>r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t<\/span><button class=\"flex ml-auto gap-2\"><svg stroke=\"currentColor\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"h-4 w-4\" height=\"1em\" width=\"1em\" ><path d=\"M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2\"><\/path><rect x=\"8\" y=\"2\" width=\"8\" height=\"4\" rx=\"1\" ry=\"1\"><\/rect><\/svg>Sao ch\u00e9p m\u00e3<\/button><\/div><div class=\"p-4 overflow-y-auto\"><code class=\"!whitespace-pre hljs language-rust\" data-no-translation=\"\">Initialization -<span class=\"hljs-punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> Evaluation -<span class=\"hljs-punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> Selection -<span class=\"hljs-punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> Variation -<span class=\"hljs-punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> Replacement -<span class=\"hljs-punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> Termination\n         ^                                                                               |\n         |_______________________________________________________________________________|\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><\/pre>\n<h2>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m trong kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1ed1i \u01b0u to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh song song:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t song song v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111a l\u00f5i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t b\u1edfi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec5u trong h\u00e0m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/th>\n<th>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<th>L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n (GA)<\/td>\n<td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n chu\u1ed7i nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a, H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh di truy\u1ec1n (GP)<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2y<\/td>\n<td>H\u1ed3i quy t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (ES)<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (EP)<\/td>\n<td>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ES, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sinh t\u1ed3n<\/td>\n<td>D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian, AI tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t (DE)<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ES v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u s\u1ed1<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ed1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ea1t (PSO)<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0n chim ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0n c\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn (ACO)<\/td>\n<td>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/td>\n<td>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, khai th\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 tin sinh h\u1ecdc, v.v. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tham s\u1ed1:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0 quy m\u00f4 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u00e9o, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/strong> Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 s\u1edbm:<\/strong> \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 s\u1edbm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tham s\u1ed1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n song song:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd song song, chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, chia s\u1ebb th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 s\u1edbm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a: So s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n<p>So s\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n<th>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/th>\n<th>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/th>\n<th>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<td>To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>X\u1eed l\u00fd phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 song song h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00fang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng theo nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Lai t\u1ea1o:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edd ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed:<\/strong> T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, robot b\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e0n, y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y giao nhau theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c m\u1eabu b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gp-field-guide.org.uk\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh di truy\u1ec1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.gmu.edu\/~sean\/book\/metaheuristics\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a si\u00eau h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-662-44874-8\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/loi\/evco\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">T\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u00e3y t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1!<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":468343,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477140","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Evolutionary Computing: A Comprehensive Guide<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is evolutionary computing?","answer":"<p>Evolutionary computing represents several computational algorithms inspired by biological evolution, including natural selection and genetic inheritance. These algorithms apply principles of evolution to solve complex real-world problems, often relating to optimization and machine learning.<\/p>"},{"question":"When was evolutionary computing first introduced?","answer":"<p>Evolutionary computing can trace its origins back to the 1950s and 60s, an era that marked the birth of artificial intelligence. The first mention of an algorithm resembling an evolutionary computation model is found in Lawrence J. Fogel's work in 1966.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does evolutionary computing work?","answer":"<p>Evolutionary computing algorithms emulate the principles of biological evolution: reproduction, mutation, recombination, and survival of the fittest. These techniques are mainly applied in problem-solving and optimization tasks, with each iteration termed a \"generation\". The fittest individuals are selected for reproduction, using genetic operators to produce the next generation of solutions.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of evolutionary computing?","answer":"<p>Key features of evolutionary computing include global search, adaptability, parallelism, robustness, and versatility. These attributes contribute to its wide-ranging applicability.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of evolutionary computing algorithms exist?","answer":"<p>There are several types of evolutionary computing algorithms, including Genetic Algorithms (GAs), Genetic Programming (GP), Evolutionary Strategies (ESs), Evolutionary Programming (EP), Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO).<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the common uses of evolutionary computing?","answer":"<p>Evolutionary computing is used in various fields such as artificial intelligence, engineering design, data mining, economic modeling, game theory, and bioinformatics. It's often applied in areas where traditional problem-solving and optimization techniques may fall short.<\/p>"},{"question":"What challenges does evolutionary computing face?","answer":"<p>Challenges in evolutionary computing include parameter tuning, computational cost, and premature convergence. However, strategies such as adaptive parameter setting, parallel computing, and diversity maintenance strategies can be used to counter these issues.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the future perspective of evolutionary computing?","answer":"<p>The future of evolutionary computing is promising, with potential breakthroughs in hybridization, co-evolutionary algorithms, and quantum evolutionary algorithms. Researchers are also exploring innovative applications in fields like quantum computing, swarm robotics, personalized medicine, and sustainable energy.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers be associated with evolutionary computing?","answer":"<p>Evolutionary computing can optimize the distribution of network traffic among servers, effectively managing the load across multiple proxy servers. It can also enhance security by identifying and responding to unusual patterns in network traffic data. Additionally, it can optimize the configuration of proxy servers based on dynamically changing network conditions.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477140\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}