{"id":477127,"date":"2023-08-09T09:08:09","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:08:09","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:14:04","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:14:04","slug":"even-parity","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/even-parity\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec s\u1ed1 bit &#039;1&#039; ch\u1eb5n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i g\u00e2y ra do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec5u, h\u1ecfng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<h2>Truy t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i. Claude Shannon, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201ccha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940.<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y t\u1eeb IBM 701, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u00ean phong ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1eb7n s\u00e2u: C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ngang b\u1eb1ng<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t bit b\u1ed5 sung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cbit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb\u201d, v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp sao cho t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 bit &#039;1&#039; trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ch\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t chu\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u &#039;1101&#039;. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bit &#039;1&#039; l\u00e0 3, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ebb. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00eam bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb l\u00e0 &#039;1&#039;, l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 bit &#039;1&#039; l\u00e0 4, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ch\u1eb5n. Do \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh &#039;11011&#039;.<\/p>\n<h2>Ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: T\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>T\u1ea1o bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t byte) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy t\u1eafc ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i bit n\u00e0y v\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i: Khi nh\u1eadn, b\u1ed9 thu s\u1ebd t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>T\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: T\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i bit \u0111\u01a1n: Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i bit \u0111\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u bit.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb: Ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb ch\u1eb5n v\u00e0 ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb l\u1ebb<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb ch\u00ednh: Ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb ch\u1eb5n v\u00e0 Ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/th>\n<th>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed9t bit b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sao cho t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 bit &#039;1&#039; (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb) l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ch\u1eb5n.<\/td>\n<td>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: &#039;1010&#039;, Bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb: &#039;0&#039;, D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n: &#039;10100&#039;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb l\u1ebb<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed9t bit b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sao cho t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 bit &#039;1&#039; (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb) l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ebb.<\/td>\n<td>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: &#039;1010&#039;, Bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb: &#039;1&#039;, D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n: &#039;10101&#039;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 RS-232. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i bit l\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i bit ch\u1eb5n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 Hamming ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng theo chu k\u1ef3 (CRC), th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>So s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: T\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\n<th>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i<\/th>\n<th>S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ed7i bit \u0111\u01a1n<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb l\u1ebb<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ed7i bit \u0111\u01a1n<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00e3 Hamming<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ed7i bit \u0111\u01a1n<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ed7i bit \u0111\u01a1n<\/td>\n<td>Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CRC<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u bit<\/td>\n<td>KH\u00d4NG<\/td>\n<td>Trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb<\/h2>\n<p>Trong khi ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 Hamming v\u00e0 m\u00e3 Reed-Solomon.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u1ef1 giao nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 do OneProxy cung c\u1ea5p, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c. Do vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb ch\u1eb5n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parity_bit\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/lecture\/computer-networks\/error-detection-and-correction-3TqyE\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i - M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh | Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.utexas.edu\/~plaxton\/c\/undergraduate\/reed-solomon.pdf\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a Reed-Solomon \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng RAID<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.computerhope.com\/jargon\/h\/hamming-code.htm\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">M\u00e3 Hamming: N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":477128,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477127","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Even Parity: An Integral Component of Error Detection in Digital Communication<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Even Parity?","answer":"<p>Even parity is an error detection technique used in binary data transmission and storage systems. It works by adding an additional bit, known as the \"parity bit\", to the data such that the total number of '1' bits, including the parity bit, is even.<\/p>"},{"question":"Who is the founder of the concept of Even Parity?","answer":"<p>The concept of even parity was first introduced by Claude Shannon, who is widely recognized as the \"father of information theory\". He introduced the theory of parity checks as early as the 1940s.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Even Parity work?","answer":"<p>Even parity involves two main steps. First, before data transmission, the sender computes the parity bit for each data unit and appends it to the data unit. Upon receipt, the receiver recalculates the parity bit for each data unit. If the recalculated parity bit matches the received parity bit, the data unit is considered error-free. Otherwise, an error is signaled.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Even Parity?","answer":"<p>Even parity is simple to implement and can effectively detect single-bit errors. However, it can't identify multi-bit errors or correct the detected errors.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of parity checks exist?","answer":"<p>There are two primary types of parity checks: Even Parity and Odd Parity. Even parity ensures the total number of '1' bits is even, while Odd parity ensures it's odd.<\/p>"},{"question":"How is Even Parity used and what problems can arise from its use?","answer":"<p>Even parity is commonly used in computer memory systems, network protocols, and serial communication standards. However, it can only detect an odd number of bit errors, leaving even-numbered bit errors undetected. Also, it can't correct any detected errors.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Even Parity compare with similar techniques?","answer":"<p>Even parity and Odd Parity are similar in their simplicity and ability to detect single-bit errors but can't correct errors. More complex techniques like Hamming Codes can detect and correct single-bit errors, while CRC can detect multi-bit errors.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with Even Parity?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers deal with data transmission and serve as intermediaries for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. Even parity can be part of their data integrity strategy to ensure the correctness of the transmitted data.<\/p>"},{"question":"What does the future hold for technologies related to Even Parity?","answer":"<p>While even parity remains foundational, advancements in data transmission technologies necessitate more robust error detection and correction mechanisms. Nevertheless, the principles of parity checks continue to inspire modern solutions like Hamming codes and Reed-Solomon codes.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477127\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/477128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}