{"id":476993,"date":"2023-08-09T09:06:01","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:06:01","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:13:48","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:13:48","slug":"dram","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/dram\/","title":{"rendered":"DRAM"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb truy c\u1eadp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng (DRAM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp nhanh v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. DRAM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a DRAM v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a DRAM b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf cho b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb l\u00f5i t\u1eeb, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. N\u0103m 1966, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Robert Dennard, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a IBM, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra DRAM. Chip DRAM th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Dennard v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i IBM v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 DRAM. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 DRAM<\/h2>\n<p>DRAM ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i \u00f4 DRAM bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n (0 ho\u1eb7c 1), trong khi b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 RAM t\u0129nh (SRAM), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng flip-flop \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, DRAM \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DRAM cho ph\u00e9p m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi SRAM, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian truy c\u1eadp cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a DRAM. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DRAM<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a DRAM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: m\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch ngo\u1ea1i vi.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00f4 DRAM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed7i giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00f4 nh\u1edb duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng bit.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed7i \u00f4 gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>M\u1ea1ch ngo\u1ea1i vi:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ea1ch ngo\u1ea1i vi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 h\u00e0ng, b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u1ed9t, b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng bit th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u00f4 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o DRAM \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ghi l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DRAM<\/h2>\n<p>DRAM cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh gi\u00fap n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong> DRAM nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng (HDD) v\u00e0 \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn (SSD). N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> DRAM l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u trong DRAM s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong> DRAM cho ph\u00e9p m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cao, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed:<\/strong> DRAM ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi RAM t\u0129nh (SRAM) do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> DRAM y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i DRAM<\/h2>\n<p>DRAM \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i DRAM ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ki\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>DRAM \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 (SDRAM)<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u00fap truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SDRAM t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p (DDR)<\/td>\n<td>Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea1nh t\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 so v\u1edbi SDRAM.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SDRAM DDR2<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn so v\u1edbi DDR SDRAM, mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SDRAM DDR3<\/td>\n<td>Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi DDR2.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SDRAM DDR4<\/td>\n<td>Cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi DDR3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SDRAM DDR5<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DRAM, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DRAM:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> DRAM \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u00ednh trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CPU t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m:<\/strong> DRAM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda:<\/strong> Card \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DRAM GDDR (T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda) chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang:<\/strong> DRAM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DRAM:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u1ef1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> DRAM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 DRAM m\u1edbi h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong> Th\u1eddi gian truy c\u1eadp DRAM cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi SRAM, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DRAM \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u00e3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong> Khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 DRAM t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd n\u1ea3y sinh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in th\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>DRAM so v\u1edbi SRAM<\/td>\n<td>DRAM ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, trong khi SRAM nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m m\u1edbi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DRAM so v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb flash<\/td>\n<td>DRAM kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp nhanh h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t khi m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb flash kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n khi so s\u00e1nh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DRAM so v\u1edbi \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng\/SSD<\/td>\n<td>DRAM cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng (HDD) v\u00e0 \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn (SSD) truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn DRAM<\/h2>\n<p>Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a DRAM c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>DRAM th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n DDR, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 DDR6 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>X\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng 3D:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng 3D s\u1ebd t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 DRAM, cho ph\u00e9p dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>DRAM kh\u00f4ng bay h\u01a1i:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho DRAM kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a DRAM v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb flash NAND.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i:<\/strong> C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 RAM \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (ReRAM) v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha (PCM) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho DRAM, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi DRAM<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 internet. DRAM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm n\u1ea1p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb xa. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y trong DRAM, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp nhanh c\u1ee7a DRAM cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 DRAM, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dynamic_random-access_memory\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Wikipedia - B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb truy c\u1eadp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng (DRAM)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/products\/docs\/memory-storage\/solid-state-drives\/optane-dc-ssd\/understanding-dram-operation.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Intel \u2013 T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DRAM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.micron.com\/products\/dram\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Micron \u2013 DRAM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/semiconductor\/dram\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Samsung Semiconductor \u2013 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p DRAM<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":468276,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-476993","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM) - A Comprehensive Overview<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is DRAM, and why is it important?","answer":"<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> DRAM, short for Dynamic Random-Access Memory, is a type of volatile memory used in computers and electronic devices for temporary data storage. It allows fast access to data, making it essential for smooth performance in modern computing systems.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did DRAM originate, and who invented it?","answer":"<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The concept of DRAM was introduced in the 1960s as researchers sought alternatives to magnetic core memory. Dr. Robert Dennard and his team at IBM invented the first practical DRAM chip in 1968, revolutionizing memory technology.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does DRAM work, and what makes it different from SRAM?","answer":"<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> DRAM stores data using capacitors, while SRAM uses flip-flops. The dynamic nature of DRAM requires regular refreshing to maintain data integrity, making it more cost-effective and higher in density than SRAM but with slightly higher access times.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of DRAM, and why is it widely used?","answer":"<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> DRAM offers speed, high density, and cost-effectiveness, making it a preferred choice for main memory in computers and devices. It allows quick access to data and efficient storage, critical for modern computing needs.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of DRAM exist, and how do they differ?","answer":"<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> There are several types of DRAM, including SDRAM, DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, and DDR5. Each generation offers improved data transfer rates, lower power consumption, and increased capacity compared to its predecessors.<\/p>"},{"question":"How is DRAM used in proxy servers, and what benefits does it provide?","answer":"<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> DRAM is used in proxy servers to cache frequently requested data, reducing the need to fetch it from remote servers repeatedly. This caching enhances response times and overall network performance, optimizing user experience.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some challenges related to DRAM use, and how are they addressed?","answer":"<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> DRAM can consume significant power, leading to heat generation and energy costs. Latency and access times can also be higher than SRAM. However, manufacturers continuously work on reducing power consumption, improving memory controllers, and implementing advanced error correction codes to ensure data integrity.<\/p>"},{"question":"What does the future hold for DRAM technology?","answer":"<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The future of DRAM looks promising with advancements in DDR standards, 3D stacking technology for increased density, and the possibility of non-volatile DRAM. Emerging memory technologies like ReRAM and PCM may also offer new alternatives with a balance of speed and non-volatility.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476993\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}