{"id":476861,"date":"2023-08-09T09:04:34","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:04:34","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:13:35","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:13:35","slug":"distributed-computing","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/distributed-computing\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chia m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, giao t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h2>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 khi IBM gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u IBM 7090. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Internet v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n bi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111a di\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i chia m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c n\u00fat. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, x\u1eed l\u00fd song song, chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 web quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: M\u1ed7i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong m\u1ea1ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00fat) chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh x\u1eed l\u00fd, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Giao ti\u1ebfp<\/strong>: C\u00e1c n\u00fat giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n tin nh\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c chia s\u1ebb b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/strong>: Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/strong>: Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Dung sai l\u1ed7i<\/strong>: L\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00ec c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: M\u1ed7i n\u00fat \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n c\u1ee5m<\/td>\n<td>Bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/td>\n<td>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/td>\n<td>Cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9<\/td>\n<td>C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n phi t\u1eadp trung trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n r\u00eca m\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n bi\u00ean<\/td>\n<td>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, bao g\u1ed3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 web v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n chia nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c an to\u00e0n, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n: So s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/th>\n<th>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/th>\n<th>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>X\u1eed l\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat<\/td>\n<td>X\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u00fat duy nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00fat \u0111\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dung sai l\u1ed7i<\/td>\n<td>Cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fat b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p, n\u00fat b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng cao c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Internet of Things (IoT) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: proxy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, vui l\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Distributed-Computing-Principles-Algorithms-Systems\/dp\/0521876346\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ocw.mit.edu\/courses\/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science\/6-852j-distributed-algorithms-fall-2009\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n (MIT)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distributed_computing\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Wikipedia: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":468236,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-476861","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Distributed Computing: A Detailed Insight<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Distributed Computing?","answer":"<p>Distributed computing is a model in which multiple interconnected computers share a network, working together to achieve a common goal. It involves dividing a complex problem into several tasks, assigning each task to a different machine, and then combining the results to obtain the final solution.<\/p>"},{"question":"When did Distributed Computing originate?","answer":"<p>The concept of distributed computing can be traced back to the early 1960s with the introduction of the IBM 7090 Data Processing System. The emergence of the Internet in the late 1980s provided the perfect environment for distributed computing to thrive and evolve into the system we know today.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Distributed Computing work?","answer":"<p>Distributed computing works by dividing a complex problem into smaller tasks that are processed concurrently across multiple machines or nodes. The tasks are then coordinated and results combined to form the final solution. It involves various components and processes such as task division, resource sharing, communication among nodes, and result combination.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some key features of Distributed Computing?","answer":"<p>The key features of distributed computing include concurrency (multiple tasks are executed simultaneously), scalability (more nodes can be added to increase computing power as required), fault tolerance (the computation process can continue even if some nodes fail), and resource sharing (each node contributes its resources to the network).<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of Distributed Computing exist?","answer":"<p>There are various types of distributed computing, each with its specific features and use cases. These include cluster computing, grid computing, cloud computing, fog computing, and edge computing.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the uses of Distributed Computing?","answer":"<p>Distributed computing is used in a wide range of applications including scientific research, financial services, web services, among others. It allows for faster execution of tasks and the ability to solve larger problems that would be impossible or impractical to handle on a single machine.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some challenges with Distributed Computing?","answer":"<p>Some of the challenges with distributed computing include efficient task division, resource management, ensuring security, and maintaining consistency across all nodes. Solutions to these challenges often involve various algorithms and protocols, as well as security measures such as encryption and secure communication protocols.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Distributed Computing compare with Centralized Computing?","answer":"<p>Unlike centralized computing where processing occurs on a single node, distributed computing involves concurrent processing on multiple nodes. Distributed computing is highly scalable and has high fault tolerance, meaning it can continue operation even if some nodes fail. In terms of cost, distributed computing can be more cost-effective due to the use of commodity hardware.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the future of Distributed Computing?","answer":"<p>The future of distributed computing is tied to the advancement of technology. It is expected to play a crucial role in data processing and computation, especially with the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are Proxy Servers related to Distributed Computing?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can play a significant role in distributed computing environments. They can be used to balance load across the network, manage traffic flow, and enhance security. For example, a reverse proxy can distribute incoming requests to different servers to balance load and optimize resource usage.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476861\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}