{"id":476795,"date":"2023-08-09T07:36:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:36:15","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:13:27","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:13:27","slug":"descriptive-statistics","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/descriptive-statistics\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch trung b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ea9n) ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c quan (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 thanh ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3).<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/h2>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, John Graunt, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia London th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai sinh ra khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb B\u00e1o c\u00e1o T\u1eed vong. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Francis Galton v\u00e0 Karl Pearson.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/h2>\n

Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 xoay quanh hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh, trung v\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  2. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m vi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang minh h\u1ecda t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng nhau mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/h2>\n

    Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh: \u0111\u01a1n bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hai bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n bi\u1ebfn<\/strong>: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u cao trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hai bi\u1ebfn<\/strong>: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hai bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xem li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng hay kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hai bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/h2>\n
        \n
      1. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/strong>: Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
      2. Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
      3. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong>: N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n
      4. So s\u00e1nh<\/strong>: N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Ki\u1ec3u<\/strong><\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ebfm, Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh, Trung v\u1ecb, Mode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\nPh\u1ea1m vi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/td>\nX\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng t\u1ee9 ph\u00e2n v\u1ecb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n

        Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u00f3m t\u1eaft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ngo\u00e0i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        So s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/th>\n\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/td>\nT\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea suy lu\u1eadn<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c suy lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/h2>\n

        Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/h2>\n

        M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft, gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n
          \n
        1. H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Khan: Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/a><\/li>\n
        2. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3: Coursera<\/a><\/li>\n
        3. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a Jim: Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":468203,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-476795","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about Understanding Descriptive Statistics<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Descriptive Statistics?","answer":"

          Descriptive statistics is a subset of statistics that involves the summarizing and organizing of data to make it easily understood. It provides simple summaries about a sample and the measures, either quantitative (mean or standard deviation) or visual (a bar chart or histogram).<\/p>"},{"question":"When did Descriptive Statistics originate?","answer":"

          The use of descriptive statistics dates back to ancient civilizations, like the Egyptians, but the birth of statistical science is often credited to John Graunt, a 17th-century London merchant. He used descriptive statistics to predict London\u2019s population growth. However, the formalization of descriptive statistics as a scientific field occurred in the 19th century, primarily through the work of Sir Francis Galton and Karl Pearson.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the main elements of Descriptive Statistics?","answer":"

          The main elements of descriptive statistics are measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. Measures of central tendency include the mean, median, and mode, which identify the central point or the average of a data set. Measures of Dispersion, such as range, variance, and standard deviation, provide insights into the spread of data.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of Descriptive Statistics?","answer":"

          The primary types of descriptive statistics are measures of frequency (count, percent, frequency), measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), measures of dispersion or variation (range, variance, standard deviation), and measures of position (percentile ranks, quartile ranks).<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Descriptive Statistics?","answer":"

          The key features of descriptive statistics include its simplicity, ability to visualize data, provision of data summarization, and allowing the comparison of datasets.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the potential issues with using Descriptive Statistics?","answer":"

          While descriptive statistics helps to summarize data, it does not allow for conclusions beyond the data analyzed or predict future observations. Therefore, interpretation of the descriptive statistics must be done with caution, and its limitations must be considered.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers be associated with Descriptive Statistics?","answer":"

          Proxy servers can generate a substantial amount of data regarding user behavior, network performance, and security incidents. Descriptive statistics can be used to summarize this data and generate insights, making it easier for administrators to monitor and manage network performance and security.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the future perspective of Descriptive Statistics?","answer":"

          Descriptive statistics is integral to data science and machine learning, which are rapidly evolving fields. The future may witness the emergence of automated systems capable of performing complex descriptive analyses. Also, the influence of Big Data will necessitate the development of more efficient computational techniques for descriptive statistics.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476795\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}