{"id":476741,"date":"2023-08-09T07:35:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:35:16","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:13:20","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:13:20","slug":"database-sharding","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/database-sharding\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y chia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 internet t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Khi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean web m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh BigTable c\u1ee7a Google v\u00e0 Dynamo c\u1ee7a Amazon. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m MySQL v\u00e0 PostgreSQL, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n sharding c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd, n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n chia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/h2>\n

Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ngang ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 giao d\u1ecbch cao ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, shending ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00fat c\u1ed5 chai, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

Sharding ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a sharding c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Kh\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ID ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sharding m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Kh\u00f3a sharding kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i trong khi nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: Sharding t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n
  2. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong>: V\u00ec ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n duy nh\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
  3. S\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng<\/strong>: V\u1edbi ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n, l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  4. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/strong>: Ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh<\/th>\nS\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh ngang<\/strong><\/td>\nChia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u00fang tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh d\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/td>\nChia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u00fang tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong><\/td>\nPh\u00e2n chia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Sharding<\/h2>\n

    Tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: MongoDB h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n PostgreSQL cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

    So s\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/th>\nS\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nChia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nChia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 sao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

    V\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p sharding v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

    M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1ed5 sung, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

    Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n
      \n
    1. B\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Google<\/a><\/li>\n
    2. M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Amazon<\/a><\/li>\n
    3. Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh MongoDB<\/a><\/li>\n
    4. Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh PostgreSQL<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n chia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong tay c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, mang l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":468169,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-476741","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about Database Sharding: An Essential Strategy for Data Management<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is database sharding?","answer":"

      Database sharding is a data management strategy where a large database is broken down into smaller, more manageable parts called \"shards.\" These shards are distributed across multiple servers to enhance performance, scalability, and reliability.<\/p>"},{"question":"When was database sharding first mentioned?","answer":"

      Database sharding was first mentioned in the context of Google's BigTable and Amazon's Dynamo. These were early database systems designed to distribute large data sets across many servers for improved performance and scalability.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does database sharding work?","answer":"

      Sharding works by dividing the data based on a specific sharding key. This key is used to determine the shard containing the relevant data when a query is executed. The data is then retrieved directly from that shard, bypassing the need to search the entire database.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some key features of database sharding?","answer":"

      Some key features of database sharding include scalability (as it distributes the database load across multiple servers), improved performance (as it allows queries to access a single shard rather than the entire database), availability and redundancy (with sharding, the failure of one shard doesn't impact the entire database), and geographical distribution (shards can be located based on the geographic location of users to reduce latency).<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the different types of database sharding?","answer":"

      There are three main types of database sharding: horizontal sharding (where the database is divided into rows and distributed across different shards), vertical sharding (where the database is divided into columns or groups of related columns and distributed across different shards), and functional sharding (where the database is split based on functionality or business requirements).<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers be used with database sharding?","answer":"

      Proxy servers can be used in conjunction with database sharding to enhance performance and data security. They can route requests to the appropriate shard based on the sharding key, improving query performance. Proxy servers can also provide an additional layer of security to the database shards by preventing direct access.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476741\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}