{"id":476484,"date":"2023-08-09T07:29:55","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:29:55","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:12:51","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:12:51","slug":"cross-validation","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/cross-validation\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng trang b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra, X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o cung c\u1ea5p \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/h2>\n<p>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Arthur Bowker v\u00e0 S. James v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1949, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cjackknife\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968, John W. Tukey \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cjackknifing\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p jackknife. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn theo th\u1eddi gian, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o.<\/h2>\n<p>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1eadp h\u1ee3p\u201d. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m tra). Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u01b0 trang b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu trang b\u1ecb. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o.<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: T\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh k t\u1eadp con ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp con c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong>: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p k-1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i k l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong>: Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u1ed3i, \u0111i\u1ec3m F1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh<\/strong>: C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o.<\/h2>\n<p>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3m thi\u00ean v\u1ecb<\/strong>: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/strong>: N\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n<\/strong>: X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: N\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00ec m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o K-Fold<\/strong>: T\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh k t\u1eadp con v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k l\u1ea7n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m tra trong m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (LOOCV)<\/strong>: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a K-Fold CV trong \u0111\u00f3 k b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o K-Fold ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1edbp gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/h2>\n<p>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong>: N\u00f3 gi\u00fap so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1<\/strong>: X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/strong>: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau, X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 chia t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o, th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/strong>: X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, song song h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u00ednh n\u0103ng trong v\u00f2ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch.<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n<th>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o<\/th>\n<th>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td>\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh tham s\u1ed1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<td>k l\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu l\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td>T\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td>\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Bootstrapping<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, trong khi Bootstrap t\u1eadp trung h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n, trong khi Bootstrap l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o.<\/h2>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>AutoML<\/strong>: N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (AutoML) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Song song h\u00f3a<\/strong>: T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n song song s\u1ebd gi\u00fap X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o.<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn internet v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>An ninh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/strong>: Khi x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u1ea9n danh th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong>: Trong thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/cross_validation.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o Scikit-learn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/towardsdatascience.com\/a-gentle-introduction-to-cross-validation-209a89d69c55\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u - Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cross-validation\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Wikipedia \u2013 X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":468046,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-476484","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Cross-Validation: Understanding the Power of Validation Techniques<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Cross-Validation, and why is it important in machine learning?","answer":"<p>Cross-Validation is a statistical technique used to assess the performance of machine learning models by partitioning the dataset into subsets for training and testing. It helps to avoid overfitting and ensures the model's ability to generalize to new data. By providing a more realistic estimation of model performance, Cross-Validation plays a vital role in selecting the best model and tuning hyperparameters.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Cross-Validation work?","answer":"<p>Cross-Validation involves dividing the data into k subsets or folds. The model is trained on k-1 folds and evaluated on the remaining one, iterating this process k times with each fold serving as the test set once. The final performance metric is an average of the metrics obtained in each iteration.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the different types of Cross-Validation?","answer":"<p>Some common types of Cross-Validation include K-Fold Cross-Validation, Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV), Stratified K-Fold Cross-Validation, and Time Series Cross-Validation. Each type has specific use cases and advantages.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key benefits of using Cross-Validation?","answer":"<p>Cross-Validation offers several benefits, including bias reduction, optimal parameter tuning, robustness, and maximum data efficiency. It helps in identifying models that perform consistently well and improves the model's reliability.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can Cross-Validation be used in machine learning?","answer":"<p>Cross-Validation is used for various purposes, such as model selection, hyperparameter tuning, and feature selection. It provides valuable insights into a model's performance and aids in making better decisions during the model development process.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the potential problems related to Cross-Validation and their solutions?","answer":"<p>Some common issues with Cross-Validation include data leakage and computational cost. To address these problems, practitioners can apply proper data preprocessing techniques and leverage parallelization for efficient execution.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Cross-Validation compare to Bootstrap?","answer":"<p>Cross-Validation is primarily used for model evaluation, while Bootstrap focuses on parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification. Cross-Validation involves multiple folds, while Bootstrap uses random sampling with replacement.<\/p>"},{"question":"What does the future hold for Cross-Validation in the machine learning landscape?","answer":"<p>The future of Cross-Validation involves integration with advanced machine learning techniques, like deep learning and AutoML. Leveraging parallel computing and distributed systems will make Cross-Validation more scalable and efficient.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do proxy servers relate to Cross-Validation?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can be associated with Cross-Validation in data collection, security, and load balancing. They help in collecting diverse datasets, ensuring data privacy, and optimizing distributed Cross-Validation setups.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476484\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}