{"id":476358,"date":"2023-08-09T07:28:31","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:28:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/wiki\/computer\/"},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:12:35","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:12:35","slug":"computer","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/computer\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1y t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin (\u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o), x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cm\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u201d c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin \u201ccomputare\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh to\u00e1n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0111\u1ebfm\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n c\u0169ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u00e0n t\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh \u1edf Sumeria (Iraq ng\u00e0y nay) v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Charles Babbage \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. ENIAC (B\u1ed9 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945, l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111a n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Apple II v\u00e0 IBM PC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ede m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin: \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, CPU x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t ra m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PC): Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng, x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<li>Si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh cho phim.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m (CPU), th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed9 n\u00e3o\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. CPU th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc, logic, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra (I\/O) c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi (RAM) ho\u1eb7c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (\u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn). Bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a CPU, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi cho \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t) cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, trong khi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra (nh\u01b0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, m\u00e1y in v\u00e0 loa) cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c nhanh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 thao t\u00e1c m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<li>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0i terabyte th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a: Sau khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i do nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<th>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111a n\u0103ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/td>\n<td>So\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, duy\u1ec7t web, ch\u01a1i game<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/td>\n<td>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<td>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef website, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef file chia s\u1ebb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 m\u00e1y bay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td>Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td>D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng khoa h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang<\/td>\n<td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111a n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, kinh doanh v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt (nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng do c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecfi m\u1eaft).<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2>So s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/th>\n<th>Dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb<\/th>\n<th>Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td>V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/td>\n<td>Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao<\/td>\n<td>Cao<\/td>\n<td>Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<td>Cao<\/td>\n<td>R\u1ea5t cao<\/td>\n<td>R\u1ea5t cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td>C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao<\/td>\n<td>C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao<\/td>\n<td>C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bit l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (qubit) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin nhanh h\u01a1n bit c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y (ML) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n bi\u00ean, n\u01a1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di\u1ec5n ra g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Internet of Things (IoT). H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean graphene v\u00e0 chip 3D h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 internet. Khi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i, trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/computer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gcflearnfree.org\/computerbasics\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/computer.howstuffworks.com\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">M\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/proxy-servers\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":467954,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-476358","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Computers: From Abacus to Artificial Intelligence<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is a computer?","answer":"<p>A computer is an electronic device that accepts information (in the form of input), processes it under a set of instructions, and produces output. Computers can store, retrieve, and process data, performing a wide array of tasks.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the history of computers?","answer":"<p>The concept of computing is as old as civilization itself, with the first known tool for arithmetic being the abacus, invented in Sumeria around 2500 BC. The first mechanical computer was conceptualized by Charles Babbage in the 19th century. The 20th century saw rapid advances, with the ENIAC being the first general-purpose electronic computer, and the late 1970s and early 1980s witnessing the introduction of personal computers.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the main parts of a computer?","answer":"<p>The main parts of a computer include its Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory (RAM and hard drive or solid-state drive), and peripheral devices for input and output (like keyboards, mice, scanners, monitors, printers, and speakers).<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of modern computers?","answer":"<p>Modern computers have several key features, such as speed, storage capacity, automation, accuracy, and versatility.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of computers?","answer":"<p>Computers can be classified into several types, including Personal Computers, Servers, Mainframes, Supercomputers, and Embedded Systems.<\/p>"},{"question":"What problems can arise with computer use and how can they be solved?","answer":"<p>Problems can include security risks like malware and cyber-attacks, and health issues like repetitive strain injuries and eyestrain. Solutions include using robust security software, regular system updates, and ergonomically designed workstations.<\/p>"},{"question":"What future technologies are related to computers?","answer":"<p>Future technologies include quantum computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Edge computing, and advancements in hardware like Graphene-based transistors and 3D chips.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers used with computers?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers act as intermediaries between a computer and the internet, replacing the computer's IP address with its own to increase security and privacy. They can also provide other benefits such as load balancing and data caching.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476358\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}