{"id":476223,"date":"2023-08-09T07:26:52","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:26:52","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:12:17","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:12:17","slug":"cidr","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/cidr\/","title":{"rendered":"CIDR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn li\u00ean mi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (CIDR) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. CIDR thay th\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ng linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 m\u1ea1ng con c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, CIDR cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a CIDR v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>CIDR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 m\u1ea1ng con c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Khi Internet ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 CIDR \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford, do Yogen Dalal v\u00e0 Craig Partridge \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cGiao th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi 4 (BGP-4)\u201d xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1993. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m CIDR , \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Internet (IETF) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 CIDR \u2013 M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 CIDR<\/h2>\n<p>CIDR v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. N\u00f3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 m\u1ea1ng con c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, cho ph\u00e9p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1 bit n\u00e0o cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>Trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u CIDR, sau \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 192.168.1.0\/24). S\u1ed1 sau d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e9o bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 bit trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \/24 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng 24 bit \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 32 \u2013 24 = 8 bit cho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, cung c\u1ea5p 2^8 = 256 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a CIDR \u2013 CIDR ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<p>CIDR d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. Thay v\u00ec qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, CIDR cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee5c trong b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau CIDR l\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn cho kh\u1ed1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean internet, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. Khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP trong kh\u1ed1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tra c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a CIDR<\/h2>\n<p>CIDR cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9:<\/strong> CIDR c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> CIDR cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> CIDR \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 m\u1ea1ng con c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> V\u1edbi CIDR, Internet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 h\u01a1n:<\/strong> CIDR gi\u1ea3m g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee5c trong b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i CIDR<\/h2>\n<p>CIDR ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u CIDR<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/th>\n<th>M\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 m\u1ea1ng con<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\/24<\/td>\n<td>24 bit<\/td>\n<td>256<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/16<\/td>\n<td>16 bit<\/td>\n<td>65,536<\/td>\n<td>255.255.0.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/8<\/td>\n<td>8 bit<\/td>\n<td>16,777,216<\/td>\n<td>255.0.0.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CIDR, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>CIDR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP):<\/strong> ISP s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CIDR \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang:<\/strong> C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CIDR \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng con:<\/strong> CIDR cho ph\u00e9p chia m\u1ea1ng con d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, cho ph\u00e9p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean chia m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng con nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai CIDR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh sai:<\/strong> K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p CIDR kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> T\u00f3m t\u1eaft tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP:<\/strong> Trong khi CIDR gi\u00fap tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng IPv6 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khan hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 CIDR c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, x\u00e1c minh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<td>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng chia \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp (A, B, C, D, E) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u1ea1ng con<\/td>\n<td>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chia m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng con nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Si\u00eau l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/td>\n<td>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng con, trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn CIDR<\/h2>\n<p>CIDR v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng internet khi ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i IPv6, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n CIDR ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<p>IPv6 cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 340 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o CIDR \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi CIDR<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 do OneProxy cung c\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi CIDR \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 internet, thay m\u1eb7t m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>CIDR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u CIDR, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn qua proxy, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng minh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy t\u1eafc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean CIDR. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 do nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 CIDR v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau h\u1eefu \u00edch:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc4632\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RFC 4632 \u2013 \u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp (CIDR)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/support\/docs\/ip\/routing-information-protocol-rip\/13788-3.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 CIDR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arin.net\/resources\/registry\/ipv6\/introduction\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 IPv6<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/blog\/proxy-servers-and-their-benefits\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, CIDR l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a IPv4 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Khi ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng CIDR s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Internet kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":476224,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-476223","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) - A Comprehensive Guide<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is CIDR?","answer":"<p>CIDR stands for Classless Inter-Domain Routing, a system used to allocate and manage IP addresses more efficiently. It replaces the outdated classful IP addressing scheme and allows for variable-length subnet masks, enabling better address space utilization and flexible network design.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did CIDR originate?","answer":"<p>CIDR was introduced in the early 1990s in response to the exhaustion of available IPv4 addresses. The concept was first proposed in a paper titled \"A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)\" by engineers at Stanford University. Soon after, it was adopted by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and became crucial for internet growth.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does CIDR work?","answer":"<p>CIDR relies on variable-length subnet masks to allocate IP addresses based on actual network size requirements. It allows multiple smaller IP address blocks to be aggregated into larger ones, reducing the size of routing tables and improving routing efficiency.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of CIDR?","answer":"<p>CIDR offers several benefits, including improved address space efficiency, route aggregation for smaller blocks, simplified network design, scalability, and smoother routing. These features make CIDR an essential technology for IP address management.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of CIDR exist?","answer":"<p>CIDR is classified based on the prefix length, which determines the size of the IP address block. Some common types include \/24, \/16, and \/8, each with varying numbers of hosts and subnet masks.<\/p>"},{"question":"How is CIDR used, and what are the challenges?","answer":"<p>CIDR is used in various aspects of networking, including ISPs, private networks, and subnetting. However, it can face challenges like misconfiguration, routing instabilities, and IPv4 address exhaustion. Transitioning to IPv6 is a long-term solution to address this concern.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does CIDR relate to the future of networking?","answer":"<p>While CIDR continues to be crucial for managing IPv4 addresses, the future lies in widespread adoption of IPv6, which offers an enormous address space and eliminates the need for complex CIDR calculations.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with CIDR?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can be used with CIDR to enhance privacy, security, and performance. By utilizing CIDR notation, proxy server providers can efficiently manage IP address ranges, control access, and optimize services for specific regions or networks.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476223","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476223\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/476224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}