{"id":476204,"date":"2023-08-09T07:26:52","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:26:52","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:12:15","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:12:15","slug":"cgnat","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/cgnat\/","title":{"rendered":"CGNAT"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 CGNAT, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Internet (IETF) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4.<\/p>\n<h2>Truy t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a CGNAT<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a CGNAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c IETF \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 theo RFC 6264 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012 th\u00f4ng qua RFC 6888. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng IPv6 ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n<p>IPv4, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 32 bit, c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a kho\u1ea3ng 4,3 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t. Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, CGNAT n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi, cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Gi\u1ea3i n\u00e9n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 CGNAT<\/h2>\n<p>CGNAT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng (NAT), m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP sang m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng NAT truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi Internet. CGNAT ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp NAT th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 NAT c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2>Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a CGNAT<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, CGNAT ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 NAT truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. Khi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 sang Internet, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111i qua NAT c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, n\u01a1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng khai. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn CGNAT t\u1ea1i ISP, ISP n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CGNAT bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb CGNAT th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho CGNAT.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang b\u00ean trong t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a CGNAT<\/h2>\n<p>CGNAT mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd cho b\u1ea3ng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/strong>: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, CGNAT k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Minh b\u1ea1ch<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a CGNAT l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch<\/strong>: CGNAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 v\u00e0 IPv6, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: CGNAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ISP l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a CGNAT<\/h2>\n<p>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, CGNAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>CGNAT c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong>: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng sang \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CGNAT n\u00e2ng cao<\/strong>: B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb7n c\u1ed5ng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n phi\u00ean v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi CGNAT<\/h2>\n<p>CGNAT ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ISP s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khan hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, CGNAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ngang h\u00e0ng (P2P) v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean IP.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ed5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng CGNAT n\u00e2ng cao ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 IPv6 ho\u1eb7c C\u1ed5ng l\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (ALG).<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ed5ng quan so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 CGNAT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/th>\n<th>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn<\/th>\n<th>L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<th>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>CGNAT<\/td>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp NAT, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NAT ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp NAT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IPv6<\/td>\n<td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP m\u1edbi h\u01a1n v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u<\/td>\n<td>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4<\/td>\n<td>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn CGNAT<\/h2>\n<p>Khi Internet ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec CGNAT c\u0169ng v\u1eady. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng sang IPv6. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 CGNAT cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t IPv4 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Khi IPv6 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o CGNAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c CGNAT ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111ang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng P2P v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean n\u00e2ng cao.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 CGNAT<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 CGNAT c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung: c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u1ea9n danh v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac CGNAT xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi CGNAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc6888\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RFC 6888 \u2013 IETF<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.cisco.com\/sp\/cgn-the-dos-and-donts\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">CGNAT: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t IPv4 \u2013 Blog c\u1ee7a Cisco<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc8200\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">IPv6 \u2013 IETF<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.juniper.net\/documentation\/en_US\/junos\/topics\/concept\/nat-overview.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng \u2013 Juniper Networks<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng tin trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 CGNAT, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 do OneProxy cung c\u1ea5p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi CGNAT, \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":476205,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-476204","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation (CGNAT): An In-depth Look<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation (CGNAT)?","answer":"<p>CGNAT is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard specifically designed to mitigate the problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. It allows multiple devices to share a single public IPv4 address, effectively extending the lifespan of the IPv4 address space.<\/p>"},{"question":"When was CGNAT first introduced?","answer":"<p>CGNAT was initially proposed by the IETF in 2011 and later standardized in 2012. Its introduction was driven by the rapidly depleting pool of IPv4 addresses and the slow adoption of IPv6.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does CGNAT work?","answer":"<p>CGNAT operates much like a traditional NAT, but with an extra layer of translation. When data packets move from a local network to the Internet, they pass through the local NAT, which converts the private IP address to a public one. These packets then reach the CGNAT at the ISP, which once again changes the public IP address. The process is reversed for inbound data packets.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some key features of CGNAT?","answer":"<p>Key features of CGNAT include address conservation (allowing many devices to share a single public IP address), transparency (being unnoticeable to most users and applications), compatibility (working with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses), and scalability (handling a large number of IP address translations).<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of CGNAT exist?","answer":"<p>There are two broad categories of CGNAT: Basic CGNAT, which performs simple one-to-one translation of public IP addresses to private ones, and Advanced CGNAT, which supports additional features like port blocking, session limiting, and logging.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some issues with CGNAT and how can they be solved?","answer":"<p>CGNAT can pose problems for certain peer-to-peer (P2P) services and online gaming applications, complicate geo-location and IP-based identification, and impact services that require port forwarding. These issues can be tackled by using advanced CGNAT features or alternative technologies like IPv6 or Application Layer Gateways (ALGs).<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the future of CGNAT?","answer":"<p>The future of CGNAT is likely intertwined with the adoption of IPv6. While CGNAT provides a temporary solution to IPv4 exhaustion, as IPv6 becomes more universally adopted, the reliance on CGNAT may diminish. However, advanced forms of CGNAT continue to evolve to better handle the associated challenges.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do proxy servers interact with CGNAT?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers and CGNAT share a common thread in that they both involve the concept of one IP address representing multiple devices. While proxy servers can provide anonymity and bypass content restrictions, they don't solve the issue of IPv4 address exhaustion. Generally, proxy servers and CGNAT can function together seamlessly in a network environment.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476204\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/476205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}