{"id":475972,"date":"2023-08-09T07:24:43","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:24:43","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:11:43","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:11:43","slug":"bandwidth","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/bandwidth\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng trong m\u1ed9t khung th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 n\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, n\u1ea3y sinh nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tin nh\u1eafn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cb\u0103ng th\u00f4ng\u201d c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Claude Shannon. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u201cL\u00fd thuy\u1ebft to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng\u201d xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1948, Shannon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cdung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00eanh\u201d, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u2013 M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/h2>\n<p>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng bit tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y (bps) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 kilobit tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y (Kbps), megabit tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y (Mbps) ho\u1eb7c gigabit tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y (Gbps). N\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng trong m\u1ed9t khung th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u2013 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1p quang cung c\u1ea5p b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u2013 B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<p>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n. Ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong giao ti\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi tho\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cli\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00eanh\u201d cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Dung t\u00edch<\/strong>: B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chung.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5<\/strong>: Trong khi b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 (\u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5) \u0111o th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb video.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng<\/strong>: B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 upload v\u00e0 download. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi internet, trong khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb internet \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung so v\u1edbi b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao \u0111i\u1ec3m. B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o so v\u1edbi b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 internet cung c\u1ea5p b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ki\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ea1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng Internet<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u00eanh B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<td>Trong giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng quang ph\u1ed5<\/td>\n<td>Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 radio ho\u1eb7c quang h\u1ecdc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/td>\n<td>Th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u1ef1 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn<\/strong>: T\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t g\u00f3i. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (QoS) v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/strong>: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean g\u00f3i b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i game tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng nhanh h\u01a1n, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung (CDN) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong>: B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an ninh m\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng vi-r\u00fat. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n<th>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/th>\n<th>Th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/td>\n<td>Dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n<td>bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps<\/td>\n<td>bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps<\/td>\n<td>Mili gi\u00e2y, micro gi\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c nano gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng, giao th\u1ee9c<\/td>\n<td>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<td>Truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>Khi nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Internet of Things (IoT), m\u1ea1ng 5G v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee3i quang<\/strong>: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ee3i quang nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i quang, cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u terabit tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Terahertz<\/strong>: Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Terahertz mang l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n si\u00eau cao, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Internet v\u1ec7 tinh<\/strong>: Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>5G v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (5G) \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng cao dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng) v\u00e0 internet, thay m\u1eb7t m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i dung, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 video, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong>: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i m\u1ea1ng, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u1ecdc l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trang web ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i dung nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang web c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh sai ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng do chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a\/gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bandwidth_(computing)\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Wikipedia \u2013 B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng (m\u00e1y t\u00ednh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fcc.gov\/general\/measuring-broadband-america\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u1ee6y ban Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Li\u00ean bang \u2013 \u0110o b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng \u1edf M\u1ef9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/solutions\/enterprise-networks\/what-is-bandwidth.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Cisco \u2013 T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, chi ph\u1ed1i dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua c\u00e1c k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. Khi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":467692,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-475972","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Bandwidth: A Comprehensive Guide<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"<strong>What is bandwidth and why is it important?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Bandwidth refers to the capacity or throughput of a communication channel, indicating how much data can be transmitted over a network in a given time frame. It is crucial because it determines the speed and efficiency of internet connections, affecting the overall performance of data transfer and communication.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>How did the concept of bandwidth originate?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>The concept of bandwidth dates back to the early days of telegraphy and telephony in the 19th century. It found its roots in electrical engineering and was later introduced explicitly in the context of data communication by Claude Shannon in his work \"A Mathematical Theory of Communication\" published in 1948.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>How does bandwidth work and what factors influence it?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Bandwidth primarily depends on the range of frequencies allocated to a communication channel. In digital communication, it corresponds to the frequencies required to represent the transmitted data accurately. Physical characteristics of the transmission medium, network infrastructure, and networking protocols all influence bandwidth.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>What are the key features of bandwidth and how does it relate to latency?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Bandwidth's key features include capacity, upload and download speeds, shared vs. dedicated bandwidth, and guaranteed vs. burstable bandwidth. Bandwidth is related to latency, which measures the time taken for data to travel from source to destination. Low latency is crucial for real-time applications.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>What are the different types of bandwidth?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>There are various types of bandwidth, including network bandwidth, internet bandwidth (divided into upload and download speeds), channel bandwidth in wireless communication, spectral bandwidth in communication systems like radio, and effective bandwidth, which reflects real-world throughput.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>What are the common problems related to bandwidth usage and how can they be resolved?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Some common bandwidth-related challenges include network congestion, limitations imposed by internet service providers, latency issues, and security concerns. Solutions include traffic shaping, Quality of Service (QoS) policies, upgrading bandwidth plans, using faster networking equipment, and employing content delivery networks (CDNs).<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>How does the future look for bandwidth and what technologies are emerging?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>As data demands increase, emerging technologies like advancements in fiber optics, terahertz communication, satellite internet, and the ongoing evolution of 5G networks hold promise for expanding bandwidth capabilities.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>How are proxy servers associated with bandwidth usage?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Proxy servers act as intermediaries between users and the internet. They can save bandwidth through content caching, facilitate load balancing, and provide traffic filtering. However, if misconfigured, they may lead to increased bandwidth usage.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>Where can I find more information about bandwidth?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>For further insights into bandwidth, you can visit resources like Wikipedia's page on \"Bandwidth (computing)\", the Federal Communications Commission's \"Measuring Broadband America\" report, and Cisco's guide on \"Understanding Bandwidth and Latency.\"<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475972\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=475972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}