{"id":475908,"date":"2023-08-09T07:24:43","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:24:43","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:11:33","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:11:33","slug":"arpanet","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/arpanet\/","title":{"rendered":"ARPANET"},"content":{"rendered":"

ARPANET (M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao) l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ARPANET<\/h2>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ARPANET l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Robert Taylor thu\u1ed9c V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt X\u1eed l\u00fd Th\u00f4ng tin (IPTO) t\u1ea1i ARPA (C\u01a1 quan D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u N\u00e2ng cao), m\u1ed9t chi nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966. d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang qua m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ARPANET ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1969, gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Los Angeles (UCLA) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Stanford (SRI). \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1971, 15 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng ARPANET.<\/p>\n

\u0110i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ARPANET<\/h2>\n

C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ARPANET l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n g\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t qua m\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

ARPANET c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP, b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet. TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1edfi Vint Cerf v\u00e0 Bob Kahn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973 v\u00e0 ARPANET \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1983.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ARPANET<\/h2>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ARPANET bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u00fat chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o giao di\u1ec7n (IMP). M\u1ed7i IMP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh mini Honeywell DDP-516 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c IMP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. M\u1ed7i IMP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u00e1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh mini, m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m, v.v., m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea1y ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1ng cho b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng chi ph\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 IMP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ARPANET<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ARPANET bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    B\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP: ARPANET l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai TCP\/IP, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Internet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n: Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ARPANET. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o giao di\u1ec7n (IMP): Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IMP l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ARPANET<\/h2>\n

    Theo th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ARPANET, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh gi\u1ed1ng nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    M\u1ea1ng<\/th>\nS\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    S\u1eeeA<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi ARPANET v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1983 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CSNET<\/td>\nM\u1ea1ng Khoa h\u1ecdc M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1981 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    NSFNET<\/td>\nM\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Qu\u1ef9 Khoa h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985 nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n

    ARPANET ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edf v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Internet.<\/p>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, ARPANET ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng TCP\/IP l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb xa.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n

    Trong khi ARPANET l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho Internet nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    M\u1ea1ng<\/th>\n\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    ARPANET<\/td>\nPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi NPL<\/td>\nCh\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi khen th\u01b0\u1edfng<\/td>\nPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0110I XE \u0110\u1ea0P<\/td>\nPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 datagram v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn TCP\/IP.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ARPANET<\/h2>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ARPANET ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nguy\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1eeb ARPANET bao g\u1ed3m \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, VPN v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Internet of Things (IoT).<\/p>\n

    ARPANET v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy<\/h2>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ARPANET kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ARPANET. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian trong lu\u1ed3ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp internet, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u2013 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ARPANET.<\/p>\n

    Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1ed5 sung:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ARPANET<\/a> \u2013 B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ARPANET t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Internet<\/a> \u2013 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Internet, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ARPANET.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed M\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/a> \u2013 M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp phong ph\u00fa c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ARPANET.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":475680,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-475908","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about ARPANET: The Forefather of the Modern Internet<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is ARPANET?","answer":"

      ARPANET, short for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, was the first wide-area packet-switching network that implemented distributed control and one of the first to use the TCP\/IP protocol suite. It is considered the precursor to today's global Internet.<\/p>"},{"question":"When was ARPANET created and who was behind its creation?","answer":"

      ARPANET was conceptualized in a series of memos written by Robert Taylor of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) at ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency), a branch of the U.S. Department of Defense, in 1966. The first functional ARPANET link was established on November 21, 1969.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did ARPANET work?","answer":"

      ARPANET worked using a network of packet-switching nodes known as Interface Message Processors (IMPs). Each IMP was a minicomputer paired with specialized communications hardware. The IMPs were interconnected by high-speed lines, and communication between the hosts was achieved through packet switching.<\/p>"},{"question":"What were the key features of ARPANET?","answer":"

      Key features of ARPANET included packet-switching technology, the TCP\/IP protocol suite, distributed control, and the use of Interface Message Processors (IMPs).<\/p>"},{"question":"What networks evolved from ARPANET?","answer":"

      Several networks evolved from ARPANET, including MILNET, CSNET, and NSFNET. These networks shared many of the key features of ARPANET and expanded its reach and utility.<\/p>"},{"question":"What were some challenges faced by ARPANET?","answer":"

      Some challenges faced by ARPANET included a lack of universally agreed-upon protocols and a lack of networked applications. These were addressed through the adoption of TCP\/IP as the universal protocol suite and the development of various applications such as electronic mail, file transfer, and remote login.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the future of ARPANET-related technologies?","answer":"

      While ARPANET was officially decommissioned in 1990, its core technologies continue to drive internet development. Technologies that can trace their lineage back to ARPANET include cloud computing, VPNs, and large-scale networks such as the Internet of Things (IoT).<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers related to ARPANET?","answer":"

      While ARPANET itself didn't use proxy servers, these servers have become an integral part of the modern internet, which grew out of ARPANET. Proxy servers act as intermediaries in the flow of internet traffic, helping improve service security, performance, and privacy.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475908\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/475680"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=475908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}