{"id":475820,"date":"2023-08-09T07:23:51","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:23:51","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:11:17","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:11:17","slug":"advanced-research-projects-agency-network-arpanet","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/advanced-research-projects-agency-network-arpanet\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao (ARPANET)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ea1ng C\u01a1 quan D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u N\u00e2ng cao (ARPANET) l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi C\u01a1 quan D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (ARPA) c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. ARPANET l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Internet ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi C\u01a1 quan D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (ARPANET) v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 khi JCR Licklider, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00ecnh dung ra m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u1ea1ng thi\u00ean h\u00e0\u201d s\u1ebd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ARPANET.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m 1966, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ARPANET l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Lawrence Roberts gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb. Anh \u1ea5y \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i C\u01a1 quan D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (ARPA) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ARPANET ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1969 khi hai n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Los Angeles (UCLA) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Stanford (SRI) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao (ARPANET)<\/h2>\n<p>ARPANET \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chia th\u00f4ng tin th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u00f3i. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00e0y di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00edch, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng giao th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ARPANET l\u00e0 Giao th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng (NCP). N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, NCP sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng Giao th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn (TCP) v\u00e0 Giao th\u1ee9c Internet (IP), t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ARPANET ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau giao ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao (ARPANET) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>ARPANET ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trung t\u00e2m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i n\u00fat ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u00fat mu\u1ed1n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean n\u00fat kh\u00e1c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i v\u00e0 g\u1eedi l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed7i g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac phi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ARPANET c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i cao, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao (ARPANET)<\/h2>\n<p>ARPANET c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/strong>: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac phi t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a ARPANET cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/strong>: ARPANET h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>D\u01b0<\/strong>: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ARPANET cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fat ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ARPANET cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao (ARPANET)<\/h2>\n<p>Theo th\u1eddi gian, ARPANET \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ARPANET \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>ARPANET<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi ARPA l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho Internet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u1eeeA<\/strong>: V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, ARPANET chia th\u00e0nh hai m\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: MILNET, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ARPANET, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>NSFNET<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Qu\u1ef9 Khoa h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (ISP)<\/strong>: Khi Internet m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c ISP th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, cung c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp Internet cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao (ARPANET), c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, ARPANET ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ARPANET bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>E-mail<\/strong>: ARPANET \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n email nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Chia s\u1ebb file<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb xa<\/strong>: ARPANET cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb xa v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, ARPANET c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00fat v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, ARPANET g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong>: V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/strong>: C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ARPANET g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho m\u1ea1ng Internet m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th>ARPANET<\/th>\n<th>Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>N\u0103m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1969<\/td>\n<td>Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>ARPA<\/td>\n<td>C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/td>\n<td>Trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi phi t\u1eadp trung<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Giao th\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>NCP, TCP\/IP (ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh)<\/td>\n<td>TCP\/IP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/td>\n<td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1eadm (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i Kbps)<\/td>\n<td>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<td>Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao (ARPANET)<\/h2>\n<p>Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ARPANET v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ARPANET bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Internet v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt (IoT)<\/strong>: S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean IoT s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>5G v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa<\/strong>: S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a 5G v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Internet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI)<\/strong>: C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean AI s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Internet, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Internet l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong>: S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1eadt m\u00e3, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi cho giao ti\u1ebfp an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e2ng cao (ARPANET)<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch g\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ARPANET. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung gian gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch thay m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 internet. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Internet ng\u00e0y nay, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m truy c\u1eadp n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ea9n danh, n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 Internet v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi C\u01a1 quan D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u N\u00e2ng cao (ARPANET) v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/about-us\/timeline\/arpanet\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ARPANET \u2013 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ARPA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/livinginternet.com\/i\/ii_arpanet.htm\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ARPANET v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh ra Internet \u2013 Internet s\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/inventions\/invention-of-the-internet\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Internet \u2013 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/blog\/how-proxy-servers-work\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u2013 Blog OneProxy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi C\u01a1 quan D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u N\u00e2ng cao (ARPANET) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":467498,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-475820","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is ARPANET?","answer":"<p>ARPANET was the world's first operational packet-switched computer network and the precursor to the modern internet. It was developed by the United States Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) to facilitate research and collaboration among various institutions.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did ARPANET work?","answer":"<p>ARPANET operated on a decentralized network structure using packet-switching technology. Data was divided into packets and sent independently across the network, reassembling at their destination. This architecture ensured efficient data transmission and fault tolerance.<\/p>"},{"question":"What were the key features of ARPANET?","answer":"<p>The key features of ARPANET included its decentralized mesh network, packet-switching protocols, interoperability among different systems, and a scalable design. These features contributed to its reliability and global reach.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of ARPANET existed?","answer":"<p>ARPANET was the original research network, but it later split into two networks: MILNET, used for military purposes, and NSFNET, a backbone network connecting research and educational institutions. Over time, commercial internet service providers (ISPs) also emerged.<\/p>"},{"question":"How was ARPANET used?","answer":"<p>ARPANET was initially used for academic and military research purposes, but its applications expanded to include email communication, file sharing, and remote access to resources. It fostered global collaboration and innovation among researchers.<\/p>"},{"question":"What were the challenges ARPANET faced?","answer":"<p>As ARPANET grew, it faced challenges such as scalability, security, and developing standardized addressing systems. However, continuous improvements and solutions were implemented to overcome these issues.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does ARPANET relate to the modern internet?","answer":"<p>ARPANET's development laid the foundation for the modern internet. Its principles and protocols, such as TCP\/IP, continue to be fundamental to today's interconnected global network.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with ARPANET?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers align with ARPANET's principles of decentralized networking and packet switching. They act as intermediaries, enhancing security, privacy, and performance for users by relaying requests and responses to destination servers.<\/p>"},{"question":"What technologies shape the future of ARPANET?","answer":"<p>The future of ARPANET-related technologies includes advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G and beyond, artificial intelligence (AI), and the potential development of a quantum internet.<\/p>"},{"question":"Where can I find more information about ARPANET?","answer":"<p>For more in-depth information about ARPANET and its impact on the internet's evolution, you can explore related resources, such as ARPA research papers and the Living Internet website. Additionally, the OneProxy Blog offers insights into how proxy servers work in association with ARPANET.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475820\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=475820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}