{"id":475778,"date":"2023-08-09T07:23:51","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:23:51","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:11:12","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:11:12","slug":"abstract-method","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wiki\/abstract-method\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Java, Python v\u00e0 C#. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai b\u00e1o trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00e0o. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h2>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Simula v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5p cao ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u01b0 C++, Java, C# v\u00e0 Python, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eef ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1edbp con kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho t\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1edbp con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1edbp con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c khai b\u00e1o n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111i k\u00e8m n\u00e0o. C\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: trong Java, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <code data-no-translation=\"\">abstract<\/code> t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a:<\/p>\n<pre><div class=\"bg-black rounded-md mb-4\"><div class=\"flex items-center relative text-gray-200 bg-gray-800 px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between rounded-t-md\"><span>java<\/span><button class=\"flex ml-auto gap-2\"><svg stroke=\"currentColor\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"h-4 w-4\" height=\"1em\" width=\"1em\" ><path d=\"M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2\"><\/path><rect x=\"8\" y=\"2\" width=\"8\" height=\"4\" rx=\"1\" ry=\"1\"><\/rect><\/svg>Sao ch\u00e9p m\u00e3<\/button><\/div><div class=\"p-4 overflow-y-auto\"><code class=\"!whitespace-pre hljs language-java\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">abstract<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">myAbstractMethod<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">()<\/span>;\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<pre><div class=\"bg-black rounded-md mb-4\"><div class=\"flex items-center relative text-gray-200 bg-gray-800 px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between rounded-t-md\"><span>java<\/span><button class=\"flex ml-auto gap-2\"><svg stroke=\"currentColor\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"h-4 w-4\" height=\"1em\" width=\"1em\" ><path d=\"M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2\"><\/path><rect x=\"8\" y=\"2\" width=\"8\" height=\"4\" rx=\"1\" ry=\"1\"><\/rect><\/svg>Sao ch\u00e9p m\u00e3<\/button><\/div><div class=\"p-4 overflow-y-auto\"><code class=\"!whitespace-pre hljs language-java\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title class_\">ConcreteClass<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title class_\">AbstractClass<\/span> {\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title function_\">myAbstractMethod<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">()<\/span> {\n        <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Implementation code goes here<\/span>\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><\/pre>\n<h2>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c thi th\u1ef1c thi:<\/strong> B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a h\u00ecnh:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00f3i chung, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201clo\u1ea1i\u201d ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o v\u00ec t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1, ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <code data-no-translation=\"\">Animal<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <code data-no-translation=\"\">makeSound()<\/code>. M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (nh\u01b0 <code data-no-translation=\"\">Lion<\/code>, <code data-no-translation=\"\">Elephant<\/code>, v.v.) ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi con v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00e2m thanh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng do hi\u1ec3u sai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2>So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\n<th>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c giao di\u1ec7n (Java)<\/th>\n<th>H\u00e0m \u1ea3o thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay (C++)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 <code data-no-translation=\"\">= 0<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00e0o trong l\u1edbp m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec3n khai trong giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00e0o trong l\u1edbp m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>L\u1edbp con\/L\u1edbp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c giao di\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u1ea3o thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110a k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/td>\n<td>Java kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a k\u1ebf th\u1eeba cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp<\/td>\n<td>Giao di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111a k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/td>\n<td>C++ h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh AI, trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chung nh\u01b0 g\u1eedi ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t <code data-no-translation=\"\">ProxyServer<\/code> l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <code data-no-translation=\"\">handleRequest()<\/code>. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 <code data-no-translation=\"\">HTTPProxyServer<\/code> V\u00e0 <code data-no-translation=\"\">SocksProxyServer<\/code> s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, cho ph\u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u theo giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/abstract-methods-in-java\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Java \u2013 GeeksForGeeks<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/realpython.com\/python-abstract-classes\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">C\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Python \u2013 Python th\u1ef1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/dotnet\/csharp\/programming-guide\/classes-and-structs\/abstract-and-sealed-classes-and-class-members\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">C\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong C# \u2013 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Microsoft<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/articles\/proxy-object-oriented-programming\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 InfoQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":467455,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-475778","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Abstract Methods in Object-Oriented Programming<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is an abstract method in object-oriented programming?","answer":"<p>An abstract method is a unique feature in object-oriented programming languages, such as Java, Python, and C#. These methods are declared in an abstract class but do not contain any implementation details. They provide a blueprint for other classes to define the methods' behavior.<\/p>"},{"question":"When and where were abstract methods first introduced?","answer":"<p>Abstract methods, and abstract classes in general, have roots in the concept of abstract data types, a core element of object-oriented programming. The idea was first introduced in the Simula programming language during the 1960s. The full application of abstract methods became evident in subsequent high-level languages such as C++, Java, C#, and Python.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do abstract methods work in programming?","answer":"<p>Abstract methods are defined within an abstract class and do not contain a body, i.e., they do not have any implementation code. They're used as placeholders for methods that must be created within any non-abstract child class. When a concrete class extends the abstract class, it must provide an implementation for all abstract methods.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of abstract methods?","answer":"<p>Abstract methods are defined in abstract classes, have no implementation, enforce certain behavior in subclasses, and support polymorphism in object-oriented programming.<\/p>"},{"question":"Are there different types of abstract methods?","answer":"<p>Generally, there are no distinct \"types\" of abstract methods as their primary feature is the lack of implementation. However, they can be differentiated based on their parameters, return type, and the exceptions they can throw.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some potential issues with using abstract methods?","answer":"<p>Issues related to the use of abstract methods often arise from misunderstanding their purpose. For instance, trying to instantiate an abstract class or forgetting to implement an abstract method in a concrete subclass can cause problems.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do abstract methods compare to interface methods and pure virtual functions?","answer":"<p>While all these constructs allow for defining behavior without providing an implementation, their usage varies. For example, interface methods (in Java) and pure virtual functions (in C++) also lack an implementation, but they're defined in interfaces and classes, respectively. Multiple inheritance is supported with interfaces and in C++, but not with abstract classes in Java.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are abstract methods used in the context of proxy servers?","answer":"<p>Abstract methods can be used to define generic operations such as sending or receiving data. For example, in a <code>ProxyServer<\/code> abstract class, an abstract method <code>handleRequest()<\/code> might be defined. Concrete classes like <code>HTTPProxyServer<\/code> and <code>SocksProxyServer<\/code> would provide specific implementations of this method.<\/p>"},{"question":"What does the future hold for abstract methods?","answer":"<p>Abstract methods will continue to be an essential part of object-oriented programming, being integral to future technologies such as AI programming and protocol-specific handling in proxy servers. They allow defining abstract behaviors that can be filled in later with specific implementations.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475778\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=475778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}