{"id":479512,"date":"2023-08-09T10:41:18","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T10:41:18","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:18:58","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:18:58","slug":"version-control-systems-git-svn","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wiki\/version-control-systems-git-svn\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemleri (Git, SVN)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemleri, yaz\u0131l\u0131m projelerinin geli\u015fimini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in gerekli ara\u00e7lard\u0131r. Geli\u015ftiricilerin kodlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri izlemelerine, verimli bir \u015fekilde i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmalar\u0131na ve gerekti\u011finde \u00f6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlere d\u00f6nmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurlar. \u00d6ne \u00e7\u0131kan iki s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemi Git ve SVN&#039;dir (Subversion). Linus Torvalds taraf\u0131ndan 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen Git, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pop\u00fclerlik kazand\u0131. SVN ise 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda CollabNet Inc. taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturuldu ve merkezi bir modeli izliyor.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u00fcr\u00fcm Kontrol Sistemlerinin (Git, SVN) K\u00f6keni Tarihi<\/h2>\n<p>Yaz\u0131l\u0131m projelerinin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve kod de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin y\u00f6netilmesindeki zorluklarla birlikte s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemlerine olan ihtiya\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. S\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol\u00fc kavram\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi 1970&#039;li y\u0131llara dayanmaktad\u0131r, ancak 2000&#039;li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda SVN&#039;nin geli\u015fmesiyle b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Git, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n dahil oldu\u011fu Linux \u00e7ekirdek geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in Linus Torvalds taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131ld\u0131. Mevcut s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemlerini projenin gereksinimlerine yetersiz buldu ve bu nedenle Linux geli\u015ftirme toplulu\u011funun omurgas\u0131 haline gelen Git&#039;i geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n<p>Benzer \u015fekilde SVN, o zamanlar pop\u00fcler bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemi olan CVS&#039;nin (E\u015fzamanl\u0131 S\u00fcr\u00fcmler Sistemi) baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. CVS, dizinler, dosyalar\u0131 yeniden adland\u0131rma deste\u011finden yoksundu ve SVN&#039;nin \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka sorunlar vard\u0131. SVN h\u0131zla ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftirme projelerinde yayg\u0131n olarak benimsendi.<\/p>\n<h2>Versiyon Kontrol Sistemleri (Git, SVN) Hakk\u0131nda Detayl\u0131 Bilgi<\/h2>\n<p>Git ve SVN gibi s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemleri, bir depodaki dosya ve dizinlerde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri takip ederek i\u015fbirli\u011fine dayal\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Geli\u015ftiricilerin ayn\u0131 proje \u00fczerinde \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fma olmadan e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in mekanizmalar sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h3>Versiyon Kontrol Sistemlerinin \u0130\u00e7 Yap\u0131s\u0131 (Git, SVN)<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Git:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Git, her geli\u015ftiricinin t\u00fcm deponun yerel bir kopyas\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol modelini izler. Bu, \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 i\u015flemlere olanak tan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Git&#039;teki depo \u00fc\u00e7 ana alandan olu\u015fur: \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma dizini, haz\u0131rlama alan\u0131 (dizin) ve taahh\u00fct ge\u00e7mi\u015fi.<\/li>\n<li>Bir geli\u015ftirici dosyalarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bunlar depoya g\u00f6nderilmeden \u00f6nce dizinde d\u00fczenlenir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>SVN:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SVN, kodun t\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini saklayan tek bir havuzun bulundu\u011fu merkezi bir model \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Geli\u015ftiriciler projenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 merkezi depodan teslim al\u0131r, de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapar ve ard\u0131ndan bunlar\u0131 merkezi sunucuya geri g\u00f6nderir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>S\u00fcr\u00fcm Kontrol Sistemleri (Git, SVN) Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Git:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Git, her i\u015flemin benzersiz bir tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131ya (SHA-1 karmas\u0131) sahip oldu\u011fu, taahh\u00fct ge\u00e7mi\u015fini temsil etmek i\u00e7in y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olmayan bir grafik kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Git&#039;teki dallar, geli\u015ftiricilerin ayr\u0131 kod tabanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ve haz\u0131r oldu\u011funda de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri birle\u015ftirmesine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Git&#039;in da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131, geli\u015ftiriciler aras\u0131nda kolay i\u015fbirli\u011fi sa\u011flar ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 projelere katk\u0131da bulunma s\u00fcrecini basitle\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>SVN:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SVN, de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri takip etmek i\u00e7in revizyonlara dayan\u0131r; her revizyon, belirli bir zamanda veri havuzunun belirli bir durumunu temsil eder.<\/li>\n<li>SVN&#039;deki dallar ayr\u0131 dizinler olarak olu\u015fturuldu\u011fundan Git&#039;e k\u0131yasla daha az esnektir.<\/li>\n<li>SVN, merkezi sunucuya s\u00fcrekli a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 gerektirir, bu da \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Versiyon Kontrol Sistemlerinin (Git, SVN) Temel \u00d6zelliklerinin Analizi<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00d6zellik<\/th>\n<th>Git<\/th>\n<th>SVN<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u00fcr\u00fcm Olu\u015fturma Modeli<\/td>\n<td>Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/td>\n<td>Merkezile\u015ftirilmi\u015f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Verim<\/td>\n<td>Daha h\u0131zl\u0131 operasyonlar, yerel tarih<\/td>\n<td>Daha yava\u015f i\u015flemler, a\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dallanma<\/td>\n<td>Hafif ve esnek<\/td>\n<td>Daha a\u011f\u0131r ve daha az esnek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Birle\u015ftirme<\/td>\n<td>Geli\u015fmi\u015f ve verimli<\/td>\n<td>\u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalara ve manuel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme yatk\u0131nl\u0131k<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pop\u00fclerlik<\/td>\n<td>Yayg\u0131n olarak benimsendi, bir\u00e7ok projede ve \u015firkette kullan\u0131ld\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Pop\u00fclaritesi azal\u0131yor ancak hala eski projelerde kullan\u0131l\u0131yor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00d6\u011frenme e\u011frisi<\/td>\n<td>Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in daha dik, ileri d\u00fczey kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc<\/td>\n<td>Yeni gelenlerin kavramas\u0131 daha kolay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Versiyon Kontrol Sistemi T\u00fcrleri (Git, SVN)<\/h2>\n<p>Her biri kendine has \u00f6zelliklere sahip \u00e7e\u015fitli versiyon kontrol sistemleri vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte iki ana kategori:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Yerel Versiyon Kontrol Sistemleri:<\/strong> Bu sistemler s\u00fcr\u00fcm ge\u00e7mi\u015fini merkezi bir sunucu olmadan yerel bir makinede tutar. \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00f6zelliklerinden yoksundurlar ve Git gibi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemlerinin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7o\u011funlukla ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Merkezi Versiyon Kontrol Sistemleri:<\/strong> Bu modelde geli\u015ftiriciler, havuzun tamam\u0131n\u0131 depolayan merkezi bir sunucu \u00fczerinde i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapar. SVN, merkezi s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sisteminin bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>S\u00fcr\u00fcm Kontrol Sistemlerini (Git, SVN) Kullanma Yollar\u0131 ve \u0130lgili Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler<\/h2>\n<p>S\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemleri modern yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde kullan\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ki\u015fisel Geli\u015fim:<\/strong> Geli\u015ftiriciler ki\u015fisel projelerini y\u00f6netmek, de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri takip etmek ve gerekirse \u00f6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlere geri d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kullanabilirler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0130\u015fbirli\u011fine Dayal\u0131 Geli\u015fim:<\/strong> Ekipler ayn\u0131 kod taban\u0131nda verimli bir \u015fekilde birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemlerini kullan\u0131r. S\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri birle\u015ftirebilir, kodu inceleyebilir ve \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebilirler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u00fcr\u00fcm Y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> S\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol\u00fc, belirli s\u00fcr\u00fcmler i\u00e7in etiketler ve dallar olu\u015fturarak yaz\u0131l\u0131m s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinin y\u00f6netilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur ve s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerin \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Birle\u015ftir:<\/strong> Birden fazla geli\u015ftirici ayn\u0131 kod par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finde, entegrasyon i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda birle\u015ftirme \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 meydana gelebilir. Geli\u015ftiricilerin bu \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 dikkatlice incelemesi ve manuel olarak \u00e7\u00f6zmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kaza Sonucu Veri Kayb\u0131:<\/strong> Yanl\u0131\u015f komutlar veya deponun yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netimi veri kayb\u0131na neden olabilir. Bunu azaltmak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli yedeklemeler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kritik i\u015flemler s\u0131ras\u0131nda dikkatli olunmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Depolar:<\/strong> Depolar\u0131n boyutu b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e getirme, klonlama ve klonlama i\u015flemleri yava\u015flayabilir. S\u0131\u011f klonlama veya k\u0131smi klonlama gibi tekniklerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 bu sorunlar\u0131n hafifletilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Ana \u00d6zellikler ve Benzer Terimlerle Di\u011fer Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar<\/h2>\n<h3>Git ve GitHub:<\/h3>\n<p>Git bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemidir, GitHub ise Git depolar\u0131 i\u00e7in web tabanl\u0131 bir bar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmetidir. GitHub i\u015fbirli\u011fi, kod incelemesi, sorun takibi ve daha fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir platform sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h3>Git ve Mercurial:<\/h3>\n<p>Mercurial, Git&#039;e benzer ba\u015fka bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemidir. Her iki sistem de benzer \u00f6zellikler sunuyor ancak Git&#039;in daha geni\u015f kullan\u0131c\u0131 taban\u0131 ve ekosistemi, onu daha geni\u015f \u00e7apta benimsenmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<h2>Versiyon Kontrol Sistemlerine (Git, SVN) \u0130li\u015fkin Gelece\u011fin Perspektifleri ve Teknolojileri<\/h2>\n<p>S\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemlerinin gelece\u011fi muhtemelen i\u015fbirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmeye, performans\u0131 art\u0131rmaya ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimlerini basitle\u015ftirmeye odaklanacak. Yapay zekaya dayal\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve geli\u015ftirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla geli\u015fmi\u015f entegrasyon gibi \u00f6zellikler bekleniyor.<\/p>\n<h2>Proxy Sunucular\u0131 Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131labilir veya S\u00fcr\u00fcm Kontrol Sistemleriyle (Git, SVN) \u0130li\u015fkilendirilebilir?<\/h2>\n<p>Proxy sunucular Git gibi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan geli\u015ftiriciler i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olabilir. Yava\u015f internet ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na veya kat\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131na sahip ortamlarda, bir proxy sunucusu Git nesnelerini \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alabilir, tekrarlanan a\u011f isteklerine olan ihtiyac\u0131 azaltabilir ve i\u015flemleri h\u0131zland\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Proxy sunucular\u0131 ayr\u0131ca SVN gibi merkezi s\u00fcr\u00fcm kontrol sistemlerine ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in arac\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rebilir. Verileri \u015fifreleyebilir ve hassas kodun yetkisiz eri\u015fime kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilirler.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130lgili Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\n<p>S\u00fcr\u00fcm Kontrol Sistemleri (Git, SVN) hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kaynaklar\u0131 inceleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/git-scm.com\/doc\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Git Belgeleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/svnbook.red-bean.com\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">SVN Kitab\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-479512","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Version Control Systems: Git and SVN<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What are version control systems, and how do they benefit software development?","answer":"<p>Version control systems, such as Git and SVN, are tools that help manage the changes made to software code over time. They keep track of modifications, allow collaboration among developers, and provide the ability to revert to previous versions if needed. These systems enhance productivity, reduce conflicts, and streamline the development process.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the difference between Git and SVN?","answer":"<p>Git and SVN are both version control systems, but they have different underlying structures. Git follows a distributed model, where each developer has a complete local copy of the repository. In contrast, SVN operates on a centralized model, where developers check out a working copy from a central server.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do Git and SVN work internally?","answer":"<p>Git uses a directed acyclic graph to represent the commit history, with each commit having a unique identifier. It allows for lightweight branching and efficient merging. On the other hand, SVN relies on revisions to track changes and creates branches as separate directories.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Git and SVN?","answer":"<p>Git offers distributed versioning, fast performance, advanced branching, and is widely adopted in the software development community. SVN, though declining in popularity, still finds use in legacy projects, but its centralized nature and slower operations are notable drawbacks.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of version control systems are there?","answer":"<p>Version control systems can be broadly categorized into two types: Local Version Control Systems and Centralized Version Control Systems. Local systems maintain version history on individual machines, while centralized systems store the entire repository on a central server.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can version control systems be used, and what problems might arise?","answer":"<p>Developers can use version control systems for individual and collaborative development, as well as for release management. Some common issues include merge conflicts, accidental data loss, and challenges with large repositories. However, best practices and proper precautions can address these problems.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the future outlook for version control systems?","answer":"<p>The future of version control systems is likely to focus on improved collaboration, performance, and user experiences. Technologies such as AI-driven conflict resolution and real-time collaboration are anticipated to enhance these systems further.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do proxy servers enhance version control experiences?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can benefit developers working with distributed version control systems like Git by caching objects, reducing repetitive network requests, and speeding up operations. Additionally, proxy servers can act as intermediaries for securing connections to centralized systems like SVN, protecting sensitive code from unauthorized access.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479512\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=479512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}