{"id":477500,"date":"2023-08-09T09:15:57","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:15:57","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:14:50","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:14:50","slug":"http-parameter-pollution","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wiki\/http-parameter-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"HTTP parametre kirlili\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi (HPP), \u00e7o\u011funlukla HTTP istekleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6nderilen verileri de\u011fi\u015ftirerek web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen, s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7an bir web g\u00fcvenli\u011fi g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu makalede HPP'nin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve temel \u00f6zelliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrleri, potansiyel kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve ilgili sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Makale ayn\u0131 zamanda HPP ile proxy sunucular aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 ve bu web tabanl\u0131 olguyla ilgili gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik perspektifleri de ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011finin Evrimi<\/h2>\n

HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi, ilk olarak 2000'li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, web teknolojilerinin h\u0131zla geli\u015fmesi ve World Wide Web'in geni\u015flemesiyle birlikte, farkl\u0131 bir web uygulamas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131. Web siteleri veri aktar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in HTTP GET ve POST isteklerine daha fazla g\u00fcvenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a, bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 bu isteklerin parametreleri i\u015fleme bi\u00e7iminden yararlanma potansiyelini ke\u015ffetti.<\/p>\n

HPP'nin belgelenen ilk s\u00f6z\u00fc 2000'li y\u0131llara kadar uzanabilir, ancak terimin kendisi, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda OWASP (A\u00e7\u0131k Web Uygulama G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Projesi) taraf\u0131ndan bu g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan web g\u00fcvenli\u011fi toplulu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan resmi olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131. .<\/p>\n

HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fini A\u00e7ma<\/h2>\n

HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi, de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f parametrelerin HTTP isteklerine eklenmesini i\u00e7eren bir t\u00fcr web g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, potansiyel olarak sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n bir web uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklini de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine, giri\u015f do\u011frulama kontrollerini atlamas\u0131na, hassas verilere eri\u015fmesine ve di\u011fer web tabanl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcrlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesine olanak tan\u0131yabilir.<\/p>\n

HPP, bir web uygulamas\u0131, bir HTTP iste\u011finin farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden ayn\u0131 adla HTTP parametrelerini tek bir par\u00e7ada birle\u015ftirdi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bir sald\u0131rgan, bu parametreleri de\u011fi\u015ftirerek uygulaman\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 beklenmedik \u015fekillerde kontrol edebilir ve bu da \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik risklerine yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n

HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011finin Mekani\u011fi<\/h2>\n

HPP'nin i\u00e7 i\u015fleyi\u015fi, web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n HTTP isteklerini i\u015fleme bi\u00e7imine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bir HTTP iste\u011finde parametreler, bir GET iste\u011findeki URL'nin par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak veya bir POST iste\u011finin g\u00f6vdesi i\u00e7inde g\u00f6nderilir. Bu parametreler, web uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmesi veya \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gereken verileri belirtmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Bir web uygulamas\u0131na HTTP iste\u011fi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, uygulaman\u0131n sunucusu istekte yer alan parametreleri i\u015fler. Ancak uygulama, ayn\u0131 parametrenin birden fazla kez dahil edildi\u011fi durumlar\u0131 do\u011fru \u015fekilde i\u015fleyemezse, bu durum bir HPP sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir HPP sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda, sald\u0131rgan ayn\u0131 parametreyi bir HTTP iste\u011fi i\u00e7erisine her seferinde farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlerle birden \u00e7ok kez ekler. Uygulama sunucusu daha sonra bu de\u011ferleri geli\u015ftiricilerin ama\u00e7lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde birle\u015ftirerek potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011finin Temel \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n

HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fini di\u011fer web g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndan ay\u0131ran \u00e7e\u015fitli tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zellikler vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. HTTP \u0130steklerini Hedefleme:<\/strong> HPP \u00f6zellikle HTTP GET ve POST istekleri i\u00e7indeki parametreleri hedefler.<\/li>\n
  2. Parametrelerin De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi:<\/strong> Bir HPP sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc, bu parametrelerin de\u011ferlerinin manip\u00fcle edilmesini i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n
  3. Uygulama Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na Ba\u011fl\u0131:<\/strong> Bir HPP sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hedeflenen web uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n bir HTTP iste\u011fi i\u00e7inde tekrarlanan parametreleri nas\u0131l ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  4. Yayg\u0131n Etki Potansiyeli:<\/strong> HPP, tekrarlanan HTTP parametrelerini d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u015fekilde i\u015flemeyen herhangi bir web uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 potansiyel olarak etkileyebilece\u011finden, etki potansiyeli olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  5. Gizli Yakla\u015f\u0131m:<\/strong> HPP sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 me\u015fru kullan\u0131c\u0131 giri\u015fi gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilece\u011finden tespit edilmesi zor olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n

    Kullan\u0131lan HTTP y\u00f6ntemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak iki temel HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. GET Tabanl\u0131 HES:<\/strong> Bu t\u00fcr HPP sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, bir HTTP GET iste\u011finin URL'sindeki parametreleri de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n
    2. POST Tabanl\u0131 HES:<\/strong> Bu t\u00fcr HPP sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, bir HTTP POST iste\u011finin g\u00f6vdesindeki parametreleri de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      HTTP Y\u00f6ntemi<\/th>\nTan\u0131m<\/th>\nPotansiyel etki<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      ELDE ETMEK<\/td>\nParametreler URL'ye eklenir ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/td>\nSunucunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 veya web uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      POSTALAMAK<\/td>\nParametreler HTTP iste\u011finin g\u00f6vdesine dahil edilir ve gizlenir.<\/td>\nSunucunun durumunu ve depolad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgileri de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fini Uygulamak: Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler<\/h2>\n

      Gizli do\u011fas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, HPP sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu riskleri tespit etmenin ve azaltman\u0131n yollar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu, \u00f6zellikle HTTP parametreleriyle ilgili olarak girdilerin d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u015fekilde i\u015flenmesini ve temizlenmesini i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Giri\u015fi Do\u011frula:<\/strong> Web uygulamalar\u0131, beklenen formatlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm girdileri do\u011frulamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      2. Giri\u015fi Sterilize Et:<\/strong> Potansiyel zararl\u0131 verileri ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm giri\u015fler sterilize edilmelidir.<\/li>\n
      3. Bir Web Uygulamas\u0131 G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (WAF) uygulay\u0131n:<\/strong> WAF'lar bir\u00e7ok HPP giri\u015fimini tespit edip engelleyebilir.<\/li>\n
      4. D\u00fczenli G\u00fcvenlik Denetimleri:<\/strong> Kodun d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi ve s\u0131zma testinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine ve giderilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Benzer G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131yla Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar<\/h2>\n

        A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da HPP'ye benzerlik g\u00f6steren birka\u00e7 web g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/th>\nTan\u0131m<\/th>\nHPP ile benzerlik<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        SQL Enjeksiyonu<\/td>\nSald\u0131rgan, bir veritaban\u0131nda rastgele SQL sorgular\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in girdiyi de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/td>\nHer ikisi de uygulaman\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in girdiyi manip\u00fcle etmeyi i\u00e7erir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        XSS<\/td>\nSald\u0131rgan, di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenen web sayfalar\u0131na k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 komut dosyalar\u0131 enjekte eder.<\/td>\nHer ikisi de sunucu taraf\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 manip\u00fcle edebilir ve kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bilgilerini tehlikeye atabilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        CSRF<\/td>\nSald\u0131rgan, kurban\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir web uygulamas\u0131nda istenmeyen eylemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in kand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/td>\nHer ikisi de bir sitenin kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na olan g\u00fcveninden yararlan\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011finin Gelecekteki Perspektifleri<\/h2>\n

        Web uygulamalar\u0131 geli\u015fmeye devam ettik\u00e7e, bunlar\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan teknikler de geli\u015fecektir. HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi bir s\u00fcredir bilinmesine ra\u011fmen hala geni\u015f \u00e7apta anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131 veya kontrol edilmedi; bu da gelecekte daha belirgin bir tehdit haline gelebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor. Ayr\u0131ca, Nesnelerin \u0130nterneti ile web \u00f6zellikli cihazlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, HPP'ye y\u00f6nelik potansiyel sald\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fczeyi de geni\u015fliyor.<\/p>\n

        Ancak bu ayn\u0131 zamanda HPP'ye kar\u015f\u0131 savunmada kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7 ve tekniklerin muhtemelen geli\u015fece\u011fi anlam\u0131na da geliyor. Bu t\u00fcr g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek ve \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli kodlama uygulamalar\u0131na ve otomatik ara\u00e7lara giderek daha fazla odaklan\u0131l\u0131yor. Gelecekte, parametre kirlili\u011fi sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f daha karma\u015f\u0131k WAF'lar ve benzer teknolojiler g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/p>\n

        Proxy Sunucular\u0131 ve HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi<\/h2>\n

        Proxy sunucular\u0131, potansiyel olarak HPP sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek di\u011fer sunuculardan kaynak arayan istemcilerden gelen istekler i\u00e7in arac\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Gelen HTTP isteklerini HPP belirtileri (tekrarlanan parametreler gibi) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan inceleyebilir ve tehdidi azaltmak i\u00e7in bu istekleri engelleyebilir veya de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirler.<\/p>\n

        Ayr\u0131ca proxy sunucular, dahili a\u011flar\u0131 do\u011frudan internete ve potansiyel HPP sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyan bir izolasyon bi\u00e7imi olarak kullan\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca, gelen t\u00fcm HTTP isteklerini g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe kaydedecek \u015fekilde de yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131labilirler; b\u00f6ylece HPP sald\u0131r\u0131 giri\u015fimlerinin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve analiz edilmesi i\u00e7in de\u011ferli veriler sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        \u0130lgili Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\n

        HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kaynaklar\u0131 ziyaret edin:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. OWASP: HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi<\/a><\/li>\n
        2. Acunetix: HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi Nedir?<\/a><\/li>\n
        3. HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n
        4. E\u011flence ve K\u00e2r Ama\u00e7l\u0131 HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi (HPP)<\/a><\/li>\n
        5. HTTP Parametre Kirlili\u011fi Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Savunma<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":477501,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477500","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about HTTP Parameter Pollution: A Comprehensive Exploration<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is HTTP Parameter Pollution?","answer":"

          HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) is a web security vulnerability that involves the injection of manipulated parameters into HTTP requests. This could potentially allow attackers to alter the way a web application functions, bypass input validation checks, access sensitive data, and carry out other forms of web-based attacks.<\/p>"},{"question":"When was HTTP Parameter Pollution first identified?","answer":"

          HTTP Parameter Pollution was first identified as a distinct web application vulnerability around the early 2000s. However, it was officially recognized by the web security community following the release of a paper by OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) in 2010.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does an HTTP Parameter Pollution attack work?","answer":"

          In an HPP attack, the attacker includes the same parameter multiple times within an HTTP request, each time with different values. The application server then combines these values in a way that was not intended by the developers, leading to potential security vulnerabilities.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of HTTP Parameter Pollution?","answer":"

          The key features of HTTP Parameter Pollution include targeting HTTP requests, manipulation of parameters, dependency on the application behaviour, the potential for a widespread impact, and its stealthy approach.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of HTTP Parameter Pollution exist?","answer":"

          There are two primary types of HTTP Parameter Pollution based on the HTTP method used: GET-Based HPP, which manipulates the parameters within the URL of an HTTP GET request, and POST-Based HPP, which manipulates the parameters within the body of an HTTP POST request.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can one mitigate the risks posed by HTTP Parameter Pollution attacks?","answer":"

          Most mitigation strategies involve properly handling and sanitizing input, particularly with respect to HTTP parameters. This includes validating and sanitizing input, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF), and conducting regular security audits.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do proxy servers guard against HTTP Parameter Pollution attacks?","answer":"

          Proxy servers can inspect incoming HTTP requests for signs of HPP (like repeated parameters) and block or alter these requests to mitigate the threat. They can also isolate internal networks from direct exposure to the internet and potential HPP attacks, and log all incoming HTTP requests for further analysis.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future perspectives of HTTP Parameter Pollution?","answer":"

          As web applications continue to evolve, so too will the techniques used to exploit them. However, the focus on secure coding practices and automated tools to detect and prevent such vulnerabilities is also increasing. In the future, we may see more sophisticated WAFs and similar technologies specifically designed to defend against parameter pollution attacks.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477500\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/477501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}