{"id":477497,"date":"2023-08-09T09:15:57","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:15:57","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:14:50","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:14:50","slug":"http","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wiki\/http\/","title":{"rendered":"HTTP"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00f6pr\u00fc Metni Aktar\u0131m Protokol\u00fc (HTTP), da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, i\u015fbirli\u011fine dayal\u0131 ve hiper ortam bilgi sistemleri i\u00e7in uygulama d\u00fczeyinde bir protokold\u00fcr. Web \u00fczerindeki herhangi bir veri al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finin temelidir ve onu bildi\u011fimiz \u015fekliyle internetin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getirir.<\/p>\n<h2>HTTP&#039;nin Do\u011fu\u015fu ve \u0130lk S\u00f6z\u00fc<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP&#039;nin k\u00f6kenleri, \u0130ngiliz bilgisayar bilimcisi Sir Tim Berners-Lee taraf\u0131ndan 1989&#039;da World Wide Web&#039;in yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131yor. CERN&#039;de ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan Berners-Lee, ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n gezinmesini ve geri al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak bir protokol arad\u0131. HTTP&#039;nin geli\u015fimi.<\/p>\n<p>HTTP&#039;den ilk kez 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda Berners-Lee taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan &quot;K\u00f6pr\u00fc Metni Aktar\u0131m Protokol\u00fc (HTTP)&quot; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 belgede bahsedilmi\u015ftir. Bu ilk spesifikasyon, istemci-sunucu ileti\u015fimi i\u00e7in basit, durum bilgisi olmayan metin tabanl\u0131 bir protokol\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p>\n<h2>HTTP&#039;nin Nitty-Cesurlu\u011fu: Derinlemesine Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP, istemci ve sunucu aras\u0131nda istek ve yan\u0131t prensibiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir protokold\u00fcr. \u0130stemci sunucuya bir istek g\u00f6nderir, sunucu bunu i\u015fler ve yan\u0131t olarak geri g\u00f6nderir. Bu protokol, TCP\/IP protokol paketinin \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u011f hizmetleriyle uyumlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>HTTP durum bilgisizdir, yani her komut kendisinden \u00f6nce gelen komutlar hakk\u0131nda herhangi bir bilgi olmadan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu, protokol\u00fcn y\u00fcksek oranda \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda kullan\u0131c\u0131 oturumlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00e7erezler gibi ek protokoller ve teknikler gerektirdi\u011fi anlam\u0131na da gelir.<\/p>\n<p>Protokol\u00fcn geni\u015fletilebilir yap\u0131s\u0131, orijinal amac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6revlere uyarlanmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r. Bu geni\u015fletilebilirlik, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in WebSockets ve daha verimli veri aktar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in HTTP\/2 gibi teknolojilerin geli\u015ftirilmesine olanak tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n<h2>HTTP&#039;nin \u0130\u00e7 Mekani\u011fi: Perde Arkas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP istemci-sunucu modeliyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130stemci (genellikle bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131) sunucuya bir HTTP iste\u011fi g\u00f6nderir ve sunucu daha sonra istemciye bir HTTP yan\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6nderir. Bu istek ve yan\u0131t al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi bir HTTP i\u015flemi olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>Her HTTP iste\u011fi ve yan\u0131t\u0131 bir dizi ba\u015fl\u0131k ve bir g\u00f6vde ta\u015f\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131klar, talep edilen kayna\u011f\u0131n URI&#039;si, m\u00fc\u015fterinin kabul etti\u011fi veri formatlar\u0131, sunucu bilgileri ve daha fazlas\u0131 gibi istek veya yan\u0131tla ilgili meta verileri i\u00e7erir. G\u00f6vde, ger\u00e7ek verileri (HTML belgeleri, resimler, JSON verileri vb.) ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>HTTP&#039;nin Temel \u00d6zelliklerinin \u0130ncelenmesi<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP&#039;nin ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Basitlik:<\/strong> HTTP, insan taraf\u0131ndan okunabilen, metin tabanl\u0131 bir protokold\u00fcr. Bu basitlik, protokol\u00fcn hata ay\u0131klamas\u0131na ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vatans\u0131zl\u0131k:<\/strong> Her HTTP iste\u011fi tamamen yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Sunucular\u0131n, istekler aras\u0131nda istemciler hakk\u0131ndaki bilgileri saklamalar\u0131na gerek yoktur, bu da tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 basitle\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Geni\u015fletilebilirlik:<\/strong> HTTP ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 onu farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7larla geni\u015fletilebilen esnek bir protokol haline getirir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k:<\/strong> Aktar\u0131lan verinin t\u00fcr\u00fcnden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu, HTTP&#039;nin herhangi bir medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc iletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Verim:<\/strong> HTTP\/1.1, HTTP\/2 ve HTTP\/3&#039;\u00fcn geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte kal\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar, \u00e7o\u011fullama ve ba\u015fl\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma gibi performans iyile\u015ftirmeleri de getirildi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>HTTP&#039;nin \u00c7e\u015fitli Tatlar\u0131: \u00d6zet<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP, Web&#039;in de\u011fi\u015fen ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in zaman i\u00e7inde geli\u015fti. Ana s\u00fcr\u00fcmler \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>S\u00fcr\u00fcm<\/th>\n<th>Tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u0131l<\/th>\n<th>Ana \u00d6zellikler<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTP\/0.9<\/td>\n<td>1991<\/td>\n<td>Orijinal versiyon, \u00e7ok basit ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTP\/1.0<\/td>\n<td>1996<\/td>\n<td>Ba\u015fl\u0131klar, MIME t\u00fcrleri ve durum kodlar\u0131 tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTP\/1.1<\/td>\n<td>1997<\/td>\n<td>Kal\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar, par\u00e7al\u0131 aktar\u0131m kodlamas\u0131 ve ek \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alma kontrolleri.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTP\/2<\/td>\n<td>2015<\/td>\n<td>\u0130kili protokol, ba\u015fl\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00e7o\u011fullama ve sunucu itme.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTP\/3<\/td>\n<td>2020<\/td>\n<td>Aktar\u0131m i\u00e7in TCP&#039;yi QUIC ile de\u011fi\u015ftirerek ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulum s\u00fcrelerini ve t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc iyile\u015ftirir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>HTTP&#039;den Yararlanma: \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler ve Zorluklar<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP \u00f6ncelikle HTML belgeleri, resimler, komut dosyalar\u0131, stil sayfalar\u0131 ve daha fazlas\u0131 gibi kaynaklar\u0131 sunuculardan al\u0131p taray\u0131c\u0131larda web sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak kullan\u0131m\u0131 bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. REST API&#039;lerin y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle HTTP, web hizmetleri olu\u015fturma ve bunlarla etkile\u015fim kurma arac\u0131 haline geldi.<\/p>\n<p>HTTP yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen baz\u0131 zorluklara sahiptir. Durum bilgisi olmayan yap\u0131s\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 oturumlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmenin karma\u015f\u0131k olabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. HTTP verileri \u015fifrelenmedi\u011finden g\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fka bir endi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in verileri \u015fifrelemek i\u00e7in SSL\/TLS protokollerini kullanan HTTPS (HTTP Secure) tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<h2>Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve \u00d6zellikler: Ba\u011flamda HTTP<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP, TCP\/IP paketindeki di\u011fer protokollerden baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli noktalarda farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Protokol<\/th>\n<th>Ama\u00e7<\/th>\n<th>Ta\u015f\u0131ma katman\u0131<\/th>\n<th>G\u00fcvenlik<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTP<\/td>\n<td>K\u00f6pr\u00fc metni verilerinin aktar\u0131m\u0131<\/td>\n<td>TCP<\/td>\n<td>Do\u011fal g\u00fcvenlik yok<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTPS<\/td>\n<td>K\u00f6pr\u00fc metni verilerinin g\u00fcvenli aktar\u0131m\u0131<\/td>\n<td>TCP (SSL\/TLS ile)<\/td>\n<td>G\u00fcvenli<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>FTP&#039;de<\/td>\n<td>Dosyalar\u0131n aktar\u0131lmas\u0131<\/td>\n<td>TCP<\/td>\n<td>FTPS arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SMTP<\/td>\n<td>E-mail g\u00f6ndermek<\/td>\n<td>TCP<\/td>\n<td>STARTTLS arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>HTTP&#039;nin Gelece\u011fi: Y\u00fckselen Trendler<\/h2>\n<p>HTTP&#039;nin en son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc olan HTTP\/3, aktar\u0131m katman\u0131 i\u00e7in TCP yerine QUIC protokol\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131r. QUIC, HTTP\/2&#039;nin \u00e7o\u011fullama \u00f6zelli\u011fini geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulum s\u00fcreleri ve daha iyi t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k kontrol\u00fc ile birle\u015ftirir. HTTP\/3, web taramas\u0131n\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131, daha g\u00fcvenilir ve daha g\u00fcvenli hale getirerek HTTP&#039;nin web ileti\u015fimindeki gelece\u011fini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131racak \u015fekilde ayarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>HTTP ayn\u0131 zamanda cihazlar\u0131n birbirleriyle ve sunucularla ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in HTTP kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nesnelerin \u0130nterneti (IoT) gibi yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan teknolojilerin de ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu geni\u015f \u00e7apta benimsenme, HTTP&#039;nin gelecekte de ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h2>Proxy Sunucular\u0131 ve HTTP ile \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/h2>\n<p>Proxy sunucusu, istemci ile internet aras\u0131nda bir arac\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stemcilerden HTTP isteklerini al\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131 uygun sunuculara ileterek sunucunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 istemciye d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Proxy sunucular\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli avantajlar sa\u011flayabilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Anonimlik:<\/strong> Proxy sunucular\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fterinin IP adresini gizleyerek anonimlik sa\u011flayabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00d6nbelle\u011fe almak:<\/strong> Proxy sunucular\u0131, belirli isteklere verilen yan\u0131tlar\u0131 saklayabilir ve ayn\u0131 iste\u011fin tekrar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda bunlar\u0131 do\u011frudan sunarak yan\u0131t s\u00fcresini k\u0131saltabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> Proxy sunucular\u0131, SSL \u015fifreleme ve k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 web sitelerinin kara listeye al\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi ek g\u00fcvenlik katmanlar\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>OneProxy&#039;de g\u00fcvenli, anonim ve verimli web taramas\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in HTTP ile sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc proxy sunucu hizmetleri sunuyoruz.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130lgili Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc2616.txt\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">HTTP\/1.1 Spesifikasyonu (RFC 2616)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc7540.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">HTTP\/2 Spesifikasyonu (RFC 7540)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/draft-ietf-quic-http-34\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">HTTP\/3 Spesifikasyonu (taslak)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/Protocols\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">W3C HTTP&#039;ye Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/HTTP\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">MDN Web Belgeleri: HTTP<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":468569,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477497","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>HTTP: An Indispensable Foundation of the World Wide Web<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is HTTP?","answer":"<p>HTTP, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems. It is the foundation of any data exchange on the Web.<\/p>"},{"question":"When and where was HTTP first mentioned?","answer":"<p>HTTP was first mentioned in a document drafted by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1991. Berners-Lee, a researcher at CERN, developed HTTP as a protocol to facilitate the navigation and retrieval of linked resources.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does HTTP work?","answer":"<p>HTTP operates based on a request-response model. The client (usually a web browser) sends an HTTP request to the server, which processes the request and sends a response back. HTTP operates over the TCP\/IP suite of protocols.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of HTTP?","answer":"<p>HTTP's major features include its simplicity, statelessness, extensibility, data independence, and performance enhancements in its newer versions. These traits have made it a foundational protocol for the Web.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the different versions of HTTP?","answer":"<p>HTTP has evolved over time, with the main versions being HTTP\/0.9, HTTP\/1.0, HTTP\/1.1, HTTP\/2, and HTTP\/3. These versions introduced features like headers, persistent connections, multiplexing, server push, and transport over the QUIC protocol.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the main challenges associated with HTTP?","answer":"<p>The main challenges with HTTP are its stateless nature, which complicates maintaining user sessions, and its lack of inherent security, as HTTP data isn't encrypted. To combat the latter issue, HTTPS was introduced, which secures HTTP with SSL\/TLS encryption.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the future of HTTP?","answer":"<p>HTTP's future includes further development and adoption of HTTP\/3, which makes web browsing faster, more reliable, and more secure. HTTP is also integral to emerging technologies like the Internet of Things.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with HTTP?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers act as intermediaries between a client and the internet. They receive HTTP requests from clients, forward them to the appropriate servers, and then return the servers' responses to the clients. Proxy servers can provide anonymity, caching, and additional security layers.<\/p>"},{"question":"What resources can I explore to learn more about HTTP?","answer":"<p>You can learn more about HTTP from resources like the HTTP\/1.1 Specification, HTTP\/2 Specification, HTTP\/3 Specification draft, the W3C HTTP Overview, and the MDN Web Docs page on HTTP.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477497\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}