E-posta vir\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00f6ncelikle e-posta mesajlar\u0131 yoluyla yay\u0131lan ve genellikle al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131ya t\u0131klamak veya bir eki a\u00e7mak gibi belirli eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye ikna etmeye dayanan bir t\u00fcr k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131md\u0131r (k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m). Bu vir\u00fcsler, veri h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sistem bozulmas\u0131 ve fidye yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00f6nemli zararlara neden olabilir.<\/p>\n
E-posta vir\u00fcsleri kavram\u0131, e-posta kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131n onu k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 faaliyetler i\u00e7in \u00e7ekici bir platform haline getirdi\u011fi internetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131r. E-posta vir\u00fcs\u00fcyle ilgili ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck olay May\u0131s 2000'de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cILOVEYOU\u201d vir\u00fcs\u00fcyd\u00fc. Filipinler k\u00f6kenli olan vir\u00fcs, e-postayla g\u00f6nderilen bir a\u015fk itiraf\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcne b\u00fcr\u00fcnerek a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli miktarda veri kayb\u0131na ve milyonlarca kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n aksamas\u0131na neden oldu. k\u00fcresel olarak bilgisayarlar.<\/p>\n
E-posta vir\u00fcsleri, genellikle kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kand\u0131rarak bunlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye y\u00f6nelik aldat\u0131c\u0131 uygulamalara dayanan \u00e7e\u015fitli mekanizmalar yoluyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilir bir dosya eki, aldat\u0131c\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131 veya hatta HTML e-posta i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc olarak gelebilirler. Bir vir\u00fcs, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 koruyucu mekanizmalar\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmaya veya vir\u00fcse y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar vermeye ikna etmek i\u00e7in sosyal m\u00fchendislik tekniklerini de kullanabilir.<\/p>\n
Bir e-posta vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilece\u011fi zararl\u0131 eylemler, tasar\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar, hassas verileri \u00e7almak, fidye yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmak, vir\u00fcsl\u00fc sistemi spam i\u00e7in kullanmak, bir botnet olu\u015fturmak ve hatta kullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerini silmek aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015febilir. Bir e-posta vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zellikle zararl\u0131 bir etkisi, kendi kendini kopyalayabilmesi ve di\u011fer sistemlere yay\u0131larak sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla geni\u015fletebilmesidir.<\/p>\n
Genellikle bir e-posta vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn iki ana bile\u015feni vard\u0131r: bir y\u00fck ve bir yay\u0131lma mekanizmas\u0131. Y\u00fck, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 etkinli\u011fi y\u00fcr\u00fctmekten sorumlu olan k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. Yay\u0131lma mekanizmas\u0131 vir\u00fcs\u00fcn di\u011fer sistemlere yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Bir e-posta vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 genellikle birka\u00e7 ad\u0131mdan olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n
Enfeksiyon<\/strong>: Vir\u00fcs bir e-postayla gelir ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 etkile\u015fime girdi\u011finde (\u00f6rne\u011fin bir eki a\u00e7arak veya bir ba\u011flant\u0131ya t\u0131klayarak) kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bilgisayar\u0131na bula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Uygulamak<\/strong>: Vir\u00fcs bir sisteme s\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ama\u00e7lanan k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Yay\u0131lma<\/strong>: Vir\u00fcs daha sonra, genellikle vir\u00fcsl\u00fc sistemin e-posta istemcisini kullanarak kendi kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n adres defterindeki ki\u015filere g\u00f6ndererek yay\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Bir e-posta vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n Gizlilik<\/strong>: Bir\u00e7ok e-posta vir\u00fcs\u00fc, varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131dan gizleme ve g\u00fcvenlik yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nma konusunda ustad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kendini kopyalama<\/strong>: E-posta vir\u00fcsleri kendilerinin kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturarak yay\u0131lmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Y\u00fck<\/strong>: Vir\u00fcsler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6steren y\u00fck, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi zararl\u0131 aktivitedir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Sosyal m\u00fchendislik<\/strong>: E-posta vir\u00fcsleri, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 vir\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kand\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla genellikle ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131c\u0131 konu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 veya gizlenmi\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131lar gibi aldat\u0131c\u0131 uygulamalar kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na, yay\u0131lma y\u00f6ntemlerine ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fck t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli e-posta vir\u00fcsleri vard\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\nE-posta Vir\u00fcslerinin Temel \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n
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E-posta Vir\u00fcs\u00fc T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n