{"id":476358,"date":"2023-08-09T07:28:31","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:28:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/wiki\/computer\/"},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:12:35","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:12:35","slug":"computer","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wiki\/computer\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilgisayar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bilgisayarlar, bilgiyi (girdi bi\u00e7iminde) kabul eden, onu bir dizi talimat do\u011frultusunda i\u015fleyen ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 \u00fcreten elektronik cihazlard\u0131r. Bilgisayarlar, basit aritmetik i\u015flemlerden karma\u015f\u0131k sim\u00fclasyonlara ve tahminlere kadar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6revleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek verileri depolayabilir, alabilir ve i\u015fleyebilir. \u201cBilgisayar\u201d terimi, &#039;hesaplamak&#039; veya &#039;saymak&#039; anlam\u0131na gelen Latince &#039;computare&#039; kelimesinden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<h2>Bilgi \u0130\u015flemin \u015eafa\u011f\u0131: Tarihe Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\n<p>Bilgisayar kavram\u0131 medeniyetin kendisi kadar eskidir. Aritmetik i\u00e7in bilinen ilk ara\u00e7, M\u00d6 2500 civar\u0131nda S\u00fcmer&#039;de (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Irak&#039;\u0131) icat edildi\u011fine inan\u0131lan abak\u00fcst\u00fc. Talimatlara dayal\u0131 hesaplamalar yapabilen ilk mekanik bilgisayar, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Charles Babbage taraf\u0131ndan tasarland\u0131. Analitik Motor adl\u0131 cihaz\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman tamamlanmad\u0131 ancak gelecekteki geli\u015fmelerin temelini olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n<p>20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bilgisayar teknolojisinde h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fand\u0131. 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanan ENIAC (Elektronik Say\u0131sal Entegrat\u00f6r ve Bilgisayar), ilk genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 elektronik bilgisayard\u0131. 1970&#039;lerin sonu ve 1980&#039;lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Apple II ve IBM PC gibi ki\u015fisel bilgisayarlar piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve bilgisayarlar\u0131n eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi ve kullan\u0131m\u0131nda devrim yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n<h2>Bilgisayarlara Derinlemesine Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\n<p>Y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde bilgisayarlar, bilgi i\u015fleme d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6rt temel i\u015flevine g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r: giri\u015f, i\u015fleme, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve depolama. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 verileri girer, CPU bilgiyi i\u015fler, sonu\u00e7lar ekrana g\u00f6nderilir ve veriler gelecekte kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere sabit diskte veya di\u011fer depolama ortamlar\u0131nda saklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bilgisayarlar ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ve yeteneklerine g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli kategorilere ayr\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ki\u015fisel Bilgisayarlar (PC&#039;ler): Bunlara masa\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlar, diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlar ve tabletler ve ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar gibi ta\u015f\u0131nabilir cihazlar dahildir.<\/li>\n<li>Sunucular: A\u011f kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten ve kendilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 di\u011fer bilgisayarlara hizmet veren bilgisayarlard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ana bilgisayarlar: Bunlar, b\u00fcy\u00fck kurulu\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan kritik uygulamalar, toplu veri i\u015fleme ve i\u015flem i\u015fleme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc makinelerdir.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00fcper bilgisayarlar: Bunlar, iklim ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, kuantum fizi\u011fi ve film animasyonlar\u0131 gibi son derece karma\u015f\u0131k hesaplamalar gerektiren g\u00f6revlerde kullan\u0131lan en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bilgisayarlard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc Sistemler: Bunlar, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir mekanik veya elektrik sistemi i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zel bir i\u015fleve sahip olan ve genellikle ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 hesaplama k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na sahip bilgisayar sistemleridir. Cihazlara, ara\u00e7lara ve trafik \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 gibi sistemlere mikrodenetleyiciler i\u00e7erirler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Bilgisayarlar\u0131n Kalbi: \u0130\u00e7 Yap\u0131y\u0131 Anlamak<\/h2>\n<p>Bir bilgisayar\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011finde, genellikle bilgisayar\u0131n &quot;beyni&quot; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Merkezi \u0130\u015flem Birimi (CPU) bulunur. CPU, temel aritmetik, mant\u0131ksal, kontrol ve giri\u015f\/\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f (G\/\u00c7) i\u015flemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek bir bilgisayar program\u0131n\u0131n talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirir.<\/p>\n<p>Bilgisayarlarda ayr\u0131ca bilgileri ge\u00e7ici olarak (RAM) veya kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak (sabit s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc veya yar\u0131iletken s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc) depolamak i\u00e7in bellek bulunur. Anakart bilgisayar\u0131n ana devre kart\u0131d\u0131r ve CPU&#039;yu, belle\u011fi ve di\u011fer donan\u0131mlara olan ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bilgisayarlar ayr\u0131ca giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in \u00e7evresel ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 da i\u00e7erir. Giri\u015f ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 (klavye, fare ve taray\u0131c\u0131lar gibi) kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n veri sa\u011flamas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131rken, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 (monit\u00f6rler, yaz\u0131c\u0131lar ve hoparl\u00f6rler gibi) kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bilgi almas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Modern Bilgisayarlar\u0131n Temel \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n<p>Modern bilgisayarlar birka\u00e7 temel \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>H\u0131z: Bilgisayarlar verileri inan\u0131lmaz derecede h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde i\u015fleyebilir, saniyede milyonlarca hatta milyarlarca i\u015flem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Depolama: Modern bilgisayarlar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veri depolayabilir. En b\u00fcy\u00fck sabit diskler birka\u00e7 terabaytl\u0131k bilgi depolayabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Otomasyon: Bir bilgisayar program\u0131 y\u00fcklenip \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bilgisayar, insan m\u00fcdahalesi olmadan talimatlar\u0131 otomatik olarak yerine getirebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Do\u011fruluk: Bilgisayarlar son derece do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lar \u00fcretir; hatalar genellikle yanl\u0131\u015f giri\u015f veya talimatlardan kaynaklan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck: Bilgisayarlar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6revleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir ve say\u0131s\u0131z farkl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m program\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Bilgisayar T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilgisayar t\u00fcr\u00fc mevcuttur. Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6steren basit bir tablo:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Bilgisayar T\u00fcr\u00fc<\/th>\n<th>Tan\u0131m<\/th>\n<th>Kullan\u0131m Durumlar\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ki\u015fisel bilgisayar<\/td>\n<td>Bireysel kullan\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 bilgisayar<\/td>\n<td>Belge yazmak, internette gezinmek, oyun oynamak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sunucu<\/td>\n<td>A\u011f kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netir<\/td>\n<td>Web sitelerini bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak, payla\u015f\u0131lan dosyalar\u0131 depolamak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ana bilgisayar<\/td>\n<td>B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bilgi i\u015flem i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 bilgisayar<\/td>\n<td>Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemleri, havayolu rezervasyonlar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u00fcper bilgisayar<\/td>\n<td>En g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bilgisayar t\u00fcr\u00fc<\/td>\n<td>Hava tahmini, bilimsel sim\u00fclasyonlar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yerle\u015fik sistem<\/td>\n<td>\u00d6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131 bilgisayar sistemi<\/td>\n<td>Trafik \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol\u00fc, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r makinesi program\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Kullan\u0131m, Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler<\/h2>\n<p>Bilgisayarlar \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ara\u00e7lard\u0131r ve e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011flence, i\u015f ve bilim dahil hemen hemen her alanda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak g\u00fcvenlik riskleri (k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar gibi) ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 (tekrarlayan zorlanma yaralanmalar\u0131 veya g\u00f6z yorgunlu\u011fu gibi) gibi sorunlara yol a\u00e7abilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00fcvenlik yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u00fczenli sistem g\u00fcncellemeleri ve ergonomik tasar\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015f istasyonlar\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ekran ba\u015f\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli aralar vermeleri te\u015fvik ediliyor.<\/p>\n<h2>Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve \u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\n<p>\u00d6zellikler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n bilgisayar t\u00fcrlerinin bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 burada bulabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Bilgisayar T\u00fcr\u00fc<\/th>\n<th>\u0130\u015fleme g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/th>\n<th>Haf\u0131za kapasitesi<\/th>\n<th>Maliyet<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ki\u015fisel bilgisayar<\/td>\n<td>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ila Orta<\/td>\n<td>Il\u0131man<\/td>\n<td>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ila Orta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sunucu<\/td>\n<td>Orta ila Y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<td>Orta ila Y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ana bilgisayar<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<td>\u00c7ok y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<td>\u00c7ok y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u00fcper bilgisayar<\/td>\n<td>Son derece y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<td>Son derece y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<td>Son derece y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Gelece\u011fin Teknolojileri ve Perspektifleri<\/h2>\n<p>Bilgi i\u015flemin gelece\u011fi, bilgiyi klasik bitlerden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in kuantum bitlerini (qubit&#039;leri) kullanan kuantum hesaplama gibi heyecan verici teknolojilerle doludur. Yapay Zeka (AI) ve Makine \u00d6\u011frenimi (ML), bilgisayarlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenmesine ve karar vermesine olanak tan\u0131yarak geli\u015fmeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>Veri i\u015flemenin veri kayna\u011f\u0131na daha yak\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi u\u00e7 bili\u015fim de, \u00f6zellikle Nesnelerin \u0130nterneti (IoT) cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle birlikte ivme kazan\u0131yor. Dahas\u0131, Grafen tabanl\u0131 transist\u00f6rler ve 3D \u00e7ipler gibi donan\u0131mlardaki geli\u015fmeler, bilgisayarlar\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve enerji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha verimli hale getirmeyi vaat ediyor.<\/p>\n<h2>Proxy Sunucular\u0131 ve Bilgisayarlar\u0131n Kesi\u015fimi<\/h2>\n<p>Proxy sunucular\u0131 bilgisayar ile internet aras\u0131nda arac\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bir bilgisayar bir web sunucusuna ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bilgisayar\u0131n IP adresi, verilerin nereye g\u00f6nderilece\u011fini bildirmek i\u00e7in sunucuya g\u00f6nderilir. Proxy sunucusu bilgisayar\u0131n IP adresini kendi IP adresiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirir, b\u00f6ylece web sunucusu orijinal iste\u011fi kimin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmez, b\u00f6ylece g\u00fcvenlik ve gizlilik artar.<\/p>\n<p>Proxy sunucular, i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in birden fazla sunucunun kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck dengeleme gibi ba\u015fka avantajlar da sa\u011flayarak performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Ayr\u0131ca bant geni\u015fli\u011fini azaltabilen ve yan\u0131t s\u00fcrelerini iyile\u015ftirebilen veri \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alma i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131labilirler.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130lgili Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/computer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Bilgisayarlar\u0131n Tarihi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gcflearnfree.org\/computerbasics\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Bilgisayar\u0131n Temellerini Anlamak<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/computer.howstuffworks.com\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Bilgisayarlar Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/proxy-servers\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Proxy Sunucular\u0131na Giri\u015f<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak bilgisayarlar ya\u015fama ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklimizi temelden de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Teknoloji ilerlemeye devam ettik\u00e7e bilgisayarlar g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n daha da ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelecektir.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":467954,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-476358","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Computers: From Abacus to Artificial Intelligence<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is a computer?","answer":"<p>A computer is an electronic device that accepts information (in the form of input), processes it under a set of instructions, and produces output. Computers can store, retrieve, and process data, performing a wide array of tasks.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the history of computers?","answer":"<p>The concept of computing is as old as civilization itself, with the first known tool for arithmetic being the abacus, invented in Sumeria around 2500 BC. The first mechanical computer was conceptualized by Charles Babbage in the 19th century. The 20th century saw rapid advances, with the ENIAC being the first general-purpose electronic computer, and the late 1970s and early 1980s witnessing the introduction of personal computers.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the main parts of a computer?","answer":"<p>The main parts of a computer include its Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory (RAM and hard drive or solid-state drive), and peripheral devices for input and output (like keyboards, mice, scanners, monitors, printers, and speakers).<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of modern computers?","answer":"<p>Modern computers have several key features, such as speed, storage capacity, automation, accuracy, and versatility.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of computers?","answer":"<p>Computers can be classified into several types, including Personal Computers, Servers, Mainframes, Supercomputers, and Embedded Systems.<\/p>"},{"question":"What problems can arise with computer use and how can they be solved?","answer":"<p>Problems can include security risks like malware and cyber-attacks, and health issues like repetitive strain injuries and eyestrain. Solutions include using robust security software, regular system updates, and ergonomically designed workstations.<\/p>"},{"question":"What future technologies are related to computers?","answer":"<p>Future technologies include quantum computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Edge computing, and advancements in hardware like Graphene-based transistors and 3D chips.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers used with computers?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers act as intermediaries between a computer and the internet, replacing the computer's IP address with its own to increase security and privacy. They can also provide other benefits such as load balancing and data caching.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476358\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}