{"id":476131,"date":"2023-08-09T07:26:52","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:26:52","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:12:07","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:12:07","slug":"buffer-overflow-attack","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wiki\/buffer-overflow-attack\/","title":{"rendered":"Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, bir sald\u0131rgan\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta tutmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha fazla veri g\u00f6ndererek arabelle\u011fi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir siber g\u00fcvenlik tehdidini ifade eder. Bu veri ta\u015fmas\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 kodlar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine, sistemin \u00e7\u00f6kmesine veya \u00f6nemli verilerin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine neden olabilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Tarihsel Ba\u011flam\u0131 ve Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan ilk kez 1960&#039;larda ve 1970&#039;lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, ana bilgisayarlar\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde bahsedildi. Ancak 1980&#039;li y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde bu g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmaya ve k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli akt\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan istismar edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n duyurulan ilk \u00f6nemli \u00f6rne\u011fi 1988&#039;deki Morris Solucan\u0131yd\u0131. Bu solucan, UNIX &#039;parmak&#039; a\u011f hizmetindeki bir arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararland\u0131 ve erken \u0130nternet&#039;in b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde \u00f6nemli kesintilere neden oldu.<\/p>\n<h2>Derinlemesine Bilgi: Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Bir program bir arabelle\u011fe veri yazarken ve veri hacmini kontrol etmedi\u011finde, arabellek kapasitesinin ta\u015fmas\u0131na neden olabilecek bir arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 meydana gelebilir. Arabellek ta\u015farsa biti\u015fik belle\u011fin \u00fczerine yazar ve bu da o alanda tutulan verileri bozabilir veya de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. \u00dczerine yaz\u0131lan veriler \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir kod i\u00e7eriyorsa, bu durumda kod, sald\u0131rgan\u0131n istedi\u011fi eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir sald\u0131rgan, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 kod enjekte etmek ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmek, bir program\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme yolunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek veya program\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olarak bir hizmeti kullan\u0131lamaz hale getirmek i\u00e7in bu g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararlanabilir. Bu g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 kodlama dilinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilse de, \u00f6zellikle ta\u015fmalara kar\u015f\u0131 yerle\u015fik korumalar\u0131 olmayan C ve C++ dillerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Mekani\u011fi<\/h2>\n<p>Bir arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, bir bilgisayar sisteminin i\u00e7 i\u015fleyi\u015fine dal\u0131larak daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Bir program \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ona bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n bellek alan\u0131 ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bu y\u0131\u011f\u0131n, yerel de\u011fi\u015fkenler (arabellekler), kontrol verileri ve CPU kay\u0131tlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kontrol verileri, y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n taban\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret eden Temel \u0130\u015faret\u00e7iyi (BP) ve ge\u00e7erli i\u015flev sona erdi\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fctme noktas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f \u0130\u015faret\u00e7isini (RP) i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir sald\u0131rgan arabelle\u011fi a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fazla veri kontrol veri alan\u0131na yay\u0131l\u0131r. Sald\u0131rgan giri\u015fi dikkatli bir \u015fekilde tasarlarsa, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f i\u015faret\u00e7isinin \u00fczerine yeni bir de\u011fer yazabilir. Bu yeni de\u011fer, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir koda i\u015faret edebilir (giri\u015fin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak sald\u0131rgan taraf\u0131ndan da sa\u011flan\u0131r) ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uygulaman\u0131n bu kodu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Temel \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n<p>Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Programlama Zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan Yararlanma:<\/strong> Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle C ve C++ gibi belirli programlama dillerinin herhangi bir dizi s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 denetimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmemesinden yararlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Keyfi Kanunun Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi:<\/strong> Bu t\u00fcr sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ana hedeflerinden biri, savunmas\u0131z program\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik ba\u011flam\u0131nda rastgele kod \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n Y\u00fckselmesi:<\/strong> Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar genellikle sald\u0131rgan\u0131n sistemdeki ayr\u0131cal\u0131k d\u00fczeyini y\u00fckseltmek ve potansiyel olarak onlara idari kontrol sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Yayg\u0131n Hasar Potansiyeli:<\/strong> Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olabilir ve potansiyel olarak sistem \u00e7\u00f6kmelerine neden olabilir veya \u00f6nemli veri ihlallerine yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n<p>Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, hedefledikleri bellek alan\u0131na g\u00f6re kategorize edilebilir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n Tabanl\u0131 Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong> Bunlar, y\u0131\u011f\u0131n belle\u011finde ta\u015fman\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fi, yerel de\u011fi\u015fkenleri ve i\u015flev d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f adreslerini etkileyen en yayg\u0131n t\u00fcrd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n Tabanl\u0131 Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong> Burada ta\u015fma, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131nda dinamik olarak tahsis edilen ve verileri bozabilen y\u0131\u011f\u0131n belle\u011finde meydana gelir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131 T\u00fcr\u00fc<\/th>\n<th>Tan\u0131m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n tabanl\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n belle\u011finde ta\u015fma meydana geliyor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n tabanl\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n belle\u011finde ta\u015fma meydana geliyor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Uygulamalar ve Kar\u015f\u0131 Tedbirler<\/h2>\n<p>Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, bulan\u0131kl\u0131k testi veya tersine m\u00fchendislik gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli teknikler kullan\u0131larak uygulanabilir. Ancak bunlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek \u00e7ok say\u0131da kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u0131n\u0131r Kontrol\u00fc:<\/strong> Koddaki t\u00fcm dizi ve i\u015faret\u00e7i referanslar\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r denetimini zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kod \u0130ncelemesi ve Statik Analiz:<\/strong> Potansiyel zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in kodu d\u00fczenli olarak inceleyin ve statik analiz yap\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Adres Alan\u0131 D\u00fczeni Rastgelele\u015ftirmesi (ASLR):<\/strong> Bir sald\u0131rgan\u0131n hedef adresleri tahmin etmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in sistem y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilir dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n belle\u011fe y\u00fcklendi\u011fi konumu rastgele hale getirin.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclemeyen Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n:<\/strong> Stack ve heap gibi bellek b\u00f6lgelerini y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclemez olarak i\u015faretleyin. Bu, bir sald\u0131rgan\u0131n kodunu bu b\u00f6lgelerden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve \u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131<\/th>\n<th>SQL Enjeksiyonu<\/th>\n<th>Siteler Aras\u0131 Komut Dosyas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma (XSS)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Hedef<\/td>\n<td>Uygulama belle\u011fi<\/td>\n<td>Veri taban\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dil G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n<td>C\/C++&#039;da ortak<\/td>\n<td>SQL<\/td>\n<td>HTML\/JavaScript<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00d6nleme Teknikleri<\/td>\n<td>S\u0131n\u0131r Kontrol\u00fc, ASLR, \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayan Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n<\/td>\n<td>Haz\u0131rlanan \u0130fadeler, Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Giri\u015finden Ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f, En Az Ayr\u0131cal\u0131k<\/td>\n<td>Giri\u015f Do\u011frulamas\u0131, \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Kodlamas\u0131, HttpOnly \u00c7erezleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Gelecek perspektifleri<\/h2>\n<p>Yapay zeka ve makine \u00f6\u011frenimindeki geli\u015fmelerle birlikte arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi ve \u00f6nlenmesinin de iyile\u015fmesi bekleniyor. Yapay zeka destekli tehdit tespit sistemleri, karma\u015f\u0131k sald\u0131r\u0131 modellerini mevcut y\u00f6ntemlere g\u00f6re daha do\u011fru ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 tespit edebilecek.<\/p>\n<p>Bellek y\u00f6netimi daha iyi olan dillerin (Rust gibi) kullan\u0131m\u0131 da artabilir. Bu diller, tasar\u0131m gere\u011fi arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir ve bu da onlar\u0131 g\u00fcvenli uygulamalar geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ekici bir se\u00e7enek haline getirebilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Proxy Sunucular\u0131 ve Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Proxy sunucular\u0131, arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemede \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayabilir. Proxy sunucusu, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar ve sunucular aras\u0131nda arac\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rerek trafi\u011fi analiz edip filtreleyebilir ve arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na i\u015faret edebilecek \u015f\u00fcpheli davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n tespit edilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, proxy sunucular yaln\u0131zca bilinen g\u00fcvenli komutlara izin verecek \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131labilir ve hedef sistemde rastgele kod y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi \u00f6nlenebilir. Bunu yaparak, bir sald\u0131rgan arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa bile, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek istedi\u011fi zararl\u0131 eylemler proxy sunucu taraf\u0131ndan engellenecektir.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130lgili Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.owasp.org\/index.php\/Buffer_Overflow\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">OWASP: Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cwe.mitre.org\/data\/definitions\/120.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">CWE-120: Giri\u015f Boyutunu Kontrol Etmeden Arabellek Kopyalama (&#039;Klasik Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131&#039;)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/cyberframework\/online-learning\/understanding-buffer-overflow-attacks\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">NIST: Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Anlamak<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imperva.com\/learn\/application-security\/buffer-overflow\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Tam Bir K\u0131lavuz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":476132,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-476131","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Buffer Overflow Attack: Unpacking the Details<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is a buffer overflow attack?","answer":"<p>A buffer overflow attack is a cyber security threat where an attacker attempts to overload the buffer by sending more data than it was intended to hold. This can result in the execution of malicious code, system crash, or alteration of crucial data.<\/p>"},{"question":"When was the first buffer overflow attack reported?","answer":"<p>The first significant publicized instance of a buffer overflow attack was the Morris Worm in 1988. It exploited a buffer overflow vulnerability in the UNIX 'fingerd' network service, causing significant disruption to large portions of the early Internet.<\/p>"},{"question":"What causes a buffer overflow attack?","answer":"<p>Buffer overflow attacks primarily occur due to a lack of array bounds checking in programming languages such as C and C++. When a program writes data into a buffer and does not verify the volume of data, it can exceed the buffer's capacity, overwriting adjacent memory and potentially leading to the execution of malicious code.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some key features of buffer overflow attacks?","answer":"<p>Buffer overflow attacks exploit programming weaknesses, can execute arbitrary code, often aim to elevate the attacker's privilege level, and can cause widespread damage, including system crashes and significant data breaches.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of buffer overflow attacks?","answer":"<p>Buffer overflow attacks can be categorized based on the memory area they target: Stack-based buffer overflow attacks where the overflow occurs in the stack memory, and Heap-based buffer overflow attacks where the overflow occurs in the heap memory.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can buffer overflow attacks be prevented?","answer":"<p>Preventive measures include implementing bounds checking, conducting code reviews and static analysis, using Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR), and marking memory regions such as stack and heap as non-executable.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the future perspective on buffer overflow attacks?","answer":"<p>Future advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning are expected to improve the detection and prevention of buffer overflow attacks. Furthermore, increased usage of languages with better memory management could inherently prevent such attacks.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with buffer overflow attacks?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can play a key role in preventing buffer overflow attacks. They can analyze and filter traffic, detect suspicious behavior, and can be configured to only allow known safe commands, preventing the execution of arbitrary code on the target system.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476131\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/476132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}