{"id":476130,"date":"2023-08-09T07:26:52","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:26:52","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:12:07","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:12:07","slug":"buffer-overflow","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wiki\/buffer-overflow\/","title":{"rendered":"Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131, bir uygulaman\u0131n bir bellek blo\u011funa veya ara belle\u011fe tutabilece\u011finden daha fazla veri yazmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir durumdur. Bu ta\u015fma, ilgili verilerin bozulmas\u0131na, uygulaman\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen \u015fekilde davranmas\u0131na ve hatta \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olabilir. Daha ciddisi, arabellek ta\u015fmalar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131larak rastgele kod \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir ve bu da sistem g\u00fcvenli\u011finin ihlal edilmesine yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n K\u00f6keni ve \u0130lk \u00d6rnekleri<\/h2>\n<p>Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keni programlaman\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerine, \u00f6zellikle de belle\u011fin do\u011frudan manip\u00fclasyonuna izin veren C ve C++ gibi dillerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar uzanabilir. Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n duyurulan ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rne\u011fi 1988&#039;deki Internet Solucan\u0131yd\u0131. Bu solucan, Unix &#039;parmak&#039; arka plan program\u0131ndaki arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131ndan yararlanarak a\u011flara yay\u0131larak binlerce bilgisayara bula\u015ft\u0131. Bu olay, arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 konusunda kamuoyunun fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131 ve o g\u00fcnden bu yana siber g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir odak noktas\u0131 haline geldi.<\/p>\n<h2>Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ncelemek<\/h2>\n<p>Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 genellikle C ve C++ gibi yerle\u015fik s\u0131n\u0131r denetimi olmayan programlama dillerinde meydana gelir. Bu diller, geli\u015ftiricilerin de\u011fi\u015fkenler i\u00e7in belirli miktarda bellek ay\u0131rmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r, ancak bu de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin kendilerine ayr\u0131lan boyutlar\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak engellemezler. Bir program bir ara belle\u011fe i\u015fleyebilece\u011finden daha fazla veri yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu durum sorunlu hale gelir ve bu da ta\u015fmaya neden olur.<\/p>\n<p>Bir arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 meydana geldi\u011finde, fazla veri biti\u015fik bellek alanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine yazabilir, i\u00e7eriklerini bozabilir veya de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Bu, yaz\u0131l\u0131mda beklenmeyen davran\u0131\u015flara yol a\u00e7arak \u00e7\u00f6kmelere veya hatal\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara neden olabilir. En k\u00f6t\u00fc senaryoda, arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131larak rastgele kod \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir ve b\u00f6ylece sald\u0131rgan\u0131n sistem \u00fczerinde etkili bir \u015fekilde kontrol sahibi olmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u00e7 Mekani\u011fi<\/h2>\n<p>Bir arabellek asl\u0131nda verileri tutmak i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f biti\u015fik bir bellek blo\u011fudur. Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131, bu bellek blo\u011funa ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta tahsis edilenden daha fazla veri yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelir. Verilerin ta\u015fmas\u0131, biti\u015fik bellek konumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine yazabilir ve uygulaman\u0131n normal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bozabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Tipik bir arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak belirli kal\u0131plarla fazla veri g\u00f6nderir. Bu veriler ta\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir fonksiyonun d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f adresinin \u00fczerine yaz\u0131labilir. Ta\u015fma do\u011fru \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulmu\u015fsa, \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f adresi, ta\u015fan verinin i\u00e7inde bulunabilecek k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 koda i\u015faret edebilir. Bu yeniden y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, sald\u0131rgan\u0131n sistem \u00fczerinde kontrol sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h2>Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n Temel \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n<p>Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 birka\u00e7 temel \u00f6zellik ile karakterize edilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Veri bozulmas\u0131<\/strong>: Verilerin ta\u015fmas\u0131, biti\u015fik bellek alanlar\u0131n\u0131 bozarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen uygulama davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uygulamalar\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6kmesi<\/strong>: Arabellek ta\u015fmalar\u0131, kritik veri yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bozdu\u011fu veya uygulaman\u0131n kontrol verilerinin \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011fu zaman uygulamalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00fcvenlik \u0130stismarlar\u0131<\/strong>: Arabellek ta\u015fmalar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131larak rastgele kod \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir ve sald\u0131rgan\u0131n sistemin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmesine olanak sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n<p>Her biri kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zelliklere ve yararlanma tekniklerine sahip olan \u00e7e\u015fitli arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n olanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Tip<\/th>\n<th>Tan\u0131m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ta\u015fmas\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Y\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulunan bir arabellek ta\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fur. Bu, en yayg\u0131n arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ta\u015fmas\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Heap \u00fczerinde bulunan bir arabelle\u011fin (dinamik olarak ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bellek) ta\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda olu\u015fur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tamsay\u0131 ta\u015fmas\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Bir aritmetik i\u015flem, ili\u015fkili tamsay\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnde depolanamayacak kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tamsay\u0131 de\u011feriyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bi\u00e7im Dize Ta\u015fmas\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Bir program, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 bi\u00e7imi dizelerinde kullan\u0131lan giri\u015fi d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u015fekilde do\u011frulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sald\u0131rgan\u0131n belle\u011fin \u00fczerine yazmas\u0131na izin verdi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Kullan\u0131mlar, Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler<\/h2>\n<p>Arabellek ta\u015fmalar\u0131 genellikle sald\u0131rganlar taraf\u0131ndan k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 kod eklemek veya normal uygulama i\u015flevselli\u011fini bozmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak bunlar, programlama dillerinin ama\u00e7lanan veya me\u015fru kullan\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fildir ve bunlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7aba sarf edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Tampon ta\u015fmas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 programlama uygulamalar\u0131 ve teknolojilerinde yatmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, s\u0131n\u0131r kontrol\u00fc, ara belle\u011fe yaz\u0131lan verilerin boyutunu a\u015fmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak arabellek ta\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir. Benzer \u015fekilde, y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclemeyen bellek korumalar\u0131, bir sald\u0131rgan\u0131n ta\u015fan bir arabellekte kod y\u00fcr\u00fctmesini engelleyebilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Benzer Kavramlarla Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 benzer terimler ve bunlar\u0131n arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131ndan farklar\u0131:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Terim<\/th>\n<th>Tan\u0131m<\/th>\n<th>Fark<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Bir program arabellekte mevcut olandan daha fazla veri okumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fur.<\/td>\n<td>Arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n aksine, yetersiz ak\u0131\u015f genellikle g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na yol a\u00e7maz.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bellek s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Bir program bellek ay\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru \u015fekilde y\u00f6netemedi\u011finde, zaman i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131labilir belle\u011fin azalmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011funda meydana gelir.<\/td>\n<td>Bellek s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir ancak genellikle arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 gibi bir sald\u0131r\u0131 vekt\u00f6r\u00fc sa\u011flamazlar.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n ta\u015fmas\u0131 (arabellek de\u011fil)<\/td>\n<td>Bir program\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/td>\n<td>Bu terimin arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 ile ilgisi yoktur ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6zyinelemenin veya b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fkenlerinin bir sonucudur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Gelecek Perspektifleri ve Teknolojiler<\/h2>\n<p>Arabellek ta\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve etkisi, programlama ve sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli yeniliklere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Java ve Python gibi diller, tasar\u0131m gere\u011fi arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yerle\u015fik s\u0131n\u0131r denetimi i\u00e7erir. Benzer \u015fekilde, modern i\u015fletim sistemleri, arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 istismarlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in Adres Alan\u0131 D\u00fczeni Rastgelele\u015ftirme (ASLR) ve Veri Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Engelleme (DEP) gibi \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu geli\u015fmelere ra\u011fmen arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131, eski kodlara veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyeli dillere dayanan sistemlerde sorun olmaya devam ediyor. Bu nedenle, devam eden ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirmeler tespit ve \u00f6nleme tekniklerini geli\u015ftirmeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n<h2>Proxy Sunucular\u0131 ve Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>OneProxy taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flananlar gibi proxy sunucular\u0131, arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 ile iki ana yolla ili\u015fkilendirilebilir. \u0130lk olarak, bir proxy sunucusunun kendisi, uygun \u015fekilde kodlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na sahip olabilir ve bu durum, bir sald\u0131rgan\u0131n sunucunun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini a\u015fmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flayabilir. \u0130kincisi, bir proxy sunucusu, girdileri do\u011frulayarak ve temizleyerek veya bir sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi olan anormal trafik modellerini tespit ederek arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n istemci sistemi \u00fczerindeki etkisini potansiyel olarak azaltabilir.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130lgili Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cwe.mitre.org\/data\/definitions\/120.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">CWE-120: Giri\u015f Boyutunu Kontrol Etmeden Arabellek Kopyalama (&#039;Klasik Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131&#039;)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/owasp.org\/www-community\/attacks\/Buffer_overflow_attack\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">OWASP: Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/1348470\/why-is-buffer-overflow-dangerous\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ta\u015fmas\u0131: Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Anlamak<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/about\/security-center\/buffer-overflow-vulnerabilities.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">CISCO: Arabellek Ta\u015fmas\u0131 G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":467804,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-476130","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Buffer Overflow: A Detailed Examination<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is a Buffer Overflow?","answer":"A buffer overflow is a condition where an application tries to write more data to a block of memory, or buffer, than it's designed to hold. This overflow can result in corruption of relevant data, causing an application to behave unpredictably or even crash. It can also be exploited to execute arbitrary code, leading to breaches of system security."},{"question":"When was the first major instance of Buffer Overflow?","answer":"The first major publicized instance of a buffer overflow vulnerability was the Internet Worm in 1988. This worm exploited a buffer overflow in the Unix 'finger' daemon to spread across networks, infecting thousands of computers."},{"question":"How does a Buffer Overflow work?","answer":"When more data than initially allocated is written into a block of memory or a buffer, the overflow of data can overwrite adjacent memory locations. If this overflow is constructed correctly, the overwritten return address can point to malicious code, which may be included in the overflowing data. This redirected execution flow gives the attacker control over the system."},{"question":"What are the key features of Buffer Overflow?","answer":"The key features of a buffer overflow include data corruption, crashing applications, and security exploits. Buffer overflows often cause applications to crash and can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution."},{"question":"What are the types of Buffer Overflow?","answer":"There are several types of buffer overflow, each with its own characteristics. They include stack overflow, heap overflow, integer overflow, and format string overflow."},{"question":"How can Buffer Overflow problems be solved?","answer":"The solutions to buffer overflow problems mainly lie in defensive programming practices and technologies. Bounds checking can prevent buffer overflows by ensuring that data written to a buffer does not exceed its size. Similarly, non-executable memory protections can prevent an attacker from executing code in an overflowed buffer."},{"question":"How does Buffer Overflow relate to proxy servers?","answer":"A proxy server itself could have buffer overflow vulnerabilities if not properly coded. Additionally, a proxy server can potentially mitigate the impact of a buffer overflow attack on a client system by validating and sanitizing inputs or detecting abnormal traffic patterns indicative of an attack."},{"question":"What are some future perspectives and technologies related to Buffer Overflow?","answer":"Future perspectives in buffer overflow prevention include innovations in programming and system design. Languages like Java and Python include built-in bounds checking to prevent buffer overflow by design. Modern operating systems include features like Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) and Data Execution Prevention (DEP) to mitigate buffer overflow exploits."}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/476130\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}