{"id":476022,"date":"2023-08-09T07:25:33","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:25:33","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:11:51","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:11:51","slug":"binary-tree","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wiki\/binary-tree\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130kili a\u011fa\u00e7"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7, bilgisayar bilimleri ve matematikte \u00f6\u011feler aras\u0131ndaki hiyerar\u015fik ili\u015fkileri temsil etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan temel bir veri yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Kenarlarla birbirine ba\u011flanan, a\u011fa\u00e7 benzeri bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturan, her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn en fazla iki \u00e7ocu\u011fa sahip olabilece\u011fi, sol \u00e7ocuk ve sa\u011f \u00e7ocuk olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerden olu\u015fur. \u0130kili a\u011fa\u00e7lar, veritaban\u0131 indeksleme, arama, s\u0131ralama ve ifade ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli algoritmalarda ve uygulamalarda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n

\u0130kili A\u011fac\u0131n k\u00f6keninin tarihi ve ilk s\u00f6z\u00fc<\/h2>\n

A\u011fa\u00e7 kavram\u0131n\u0131n tarihi, matematik\u00e7ilerin ve bilgisayar bilimcilerin hiyerar\u015fik veri yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131yor. Ancak bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz \u015fekliyle \u0130kili A\u011fac\u0131n ilk s\u00f6z\u00fc 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar uzanabilir. \u00dcnl\u00fc bilgisayar bilimcisi John von Neumann, 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda EDVAC bilgisayar projesi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ikili a\u011fa\u00e7 kavram\u0131n\u0131 ortaya att\u0131. Daha sonra ikili a\u011fa\u00e7lar, \u00e7e\u015fitli hesaplama problemlerini \u00e7\u00f6zmedeki verimlilikleri nedeniyle bilgisayar bilimi alan\u0131nda daha fazla ilgi g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi<\/h2>\n

\u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7, her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn sol \u00e7ocu\u011fu ve sa\u011f \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmak \u00fczere en fazla iki \u00e7ocu\u011fa sahip oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm koleksiyonudur. A\u011fac\u0131n en \u00fcst d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcne k\u00f6k, alt \u00f6\u011fesi olmayan d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlere ise yaprak ad\u0131 verilir. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler, \u00f6\u011feler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri temsil eden kenarlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla birbirine ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri:<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7taki her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn en fazla iki \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  2. Her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn s\u0131f\u0131r, bir veya iki \u00e7ocu\u011fu olabilir.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar, verimli veri eri\u015fimine ve manip\u00fclasyonuna olanak tan\u0131yan hiyerar\u015fik bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir.<\/li>\n
  4. Uygun bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7ta, yaprak olmayan her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn tam olarak iki \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  5. Bir \u0130kili A\u011fac\u0131n derinli\u011fi, k\u00f6k ile herhangi bir yaprak d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki maksimum mesafedir.<\/li>\n
  6. \u0130kili A\u011fac\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, a\u011fa\u00e7taki herhangi bir yaprak d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn maksimum derinli\u011fidir.<\/li>\n
  7. N d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcml\u00fc bir \u0130kili A\u011fac\u0131n N-1 kenar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0130kili A\u011fac\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131: Nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

    \u0130kili A\u011fac\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerine ve ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm tipik olarak bir veri \u00f6\u011fesi ve onun sol ve sa\u011f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na referanslar (i\u015faret\u00e7iler) i\u00e7erir. \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7ta ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmak, s\u0131ral\u0131, \u00f6n sipari\u015fli ve sipari\u015f sonras\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli algoritmalar\u0131 i\u00e7erir ve her biri, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri ziyaret etmenin farkl\u0131 bir s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7 Ge\u00e7i\u015f Algoritmalar\u0131:<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. S\u0131ral\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f: Sol alt a\u011fac\u0131, ard\u0131ndan k\u00f6k\u00fc ve son olarak sa\u011f alt a\u011fac\u0131 ziyaret eder.<\/li>\n
    2. \u00d6n sipari\u015f ge\u00e7i\u015fi: K\u00f6k\u00fc, ard\u0131ndan sol alt a\u011fac\u0131 ve son olarak sa\u011f alt a\u011fac\u0131 ziyaret eder.<\/li>\n
    3. Sipari\u015f sonras\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f: Sol alt a\u011fac\u0131, ard\u0131ndan sa\u011f alt a\u011fac\u0131 ve son olarak k\u00f6k\u00fc ziyaret eder.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0130kili A\u011fac\u0131n temel \u00f6zelliklerinin analizi<\/h2>\n

      \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar, onlar\u0131 bilgisayar bilimi ve \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalarda de\u011ferli k\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli temel \u00f6zellikler sunar:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        Verimli Arama<\/strong>: \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar, \u00f6zellikle a\u011fa\u00e7 dengeli oldu\u011funda etkili arama i\u015flemlerine olanak tan\u0131r. Dengeli bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7ta arama yapman\u0131n zaman karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 O(log N) olup, diziler veya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 listelerdeki do\u011frusal aramadan \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        H\u0131zl\u0131 Ekleme ve Silme<\/strong>: \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar nispeten h\u0131zl\u0131 ekleme ve silme i\u015flemlerine olanak tan\u0131r. A\u011fa\u00e7 dengeli kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu operasyonlar\u0131n zaman karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 O(log N) olur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      3. \n

        \u0130kili Arama A\u011fac\u0131 (BST)<\/strong>: \u0130kili Arama A\u011fac\u0131, her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7in sol alt a\u011fac\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011ferlere sahip oldu\u011fu ve sa\u011f alt a\u011fac\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferlere sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6zelli\u011fini izleyen bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu \u00f6zellik, \u00f6\u011felerin etkili bir \u015fekilde aranmas\u0131n\u0131, eklenmesini ve silinmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      4. \n

        \u00d6ncelik S\u0131ralar\u0131<\/strong>: \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar, daha y\u00fcksek \u00f6nceli\u011fe sahip \u00f6\u011felere h\u0131zla eri\u015filebildi\u011fi \u00f6ncelik s\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7 T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n

        Her biri belirli ama\u00e7lara hizmet etmek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n t\u00fcrler:<\/p>\n

        1. Tam \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7 (Uygun \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7)<\/h3>\n

        Tam bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7ta, yaprak olmayan her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn tam olarak iki \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131r ve t\u00fcm yaprak d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler ayn\u0131 seviyededir.<\/p>\n

        2. \u0130kili A\u011fac\u0131 Tamamlay\u0131n<\/h3>\n

        Tam bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7, muhtemelen sonuncusu hari\u00e7 her d\u00fczeyin dolu oldu\u011fu ve t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar solda oldu\u011fu bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        3. M\u00fckemmel \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7<\/h3>\n

        M\u00fckemmel bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7, t\u00fcm yaprak d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin ayn\u0131 seviyede oldu\u011fu ve t\u00fcm i\u00e7 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin iki \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu\u011fu tam bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        4. Dengeli \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7<\/h3>\n

        Dengeli bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7, herhangi bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn sol ve sa\u011f alt a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki derinlik fark\u0131n\u0131n 1'den fazla olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        5. Dejenere (Patolojik) \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7<\/h3>\n

        Dejenere bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7ta her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Temel olarak ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir liste gibi davran\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        \u0130kili A\u011fac\u0131 kullanma yollar\u0131: Sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h2>\n

        \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar bilgisayar bilimi ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m m\u00fchendisli\u011finin \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131nda uygulama alan\u0131 bulur. Baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar ve ilgili sorunlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

        1. Arama ve S\u0131ralama i\u00e7in \u0130kili Arama A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/h3>\n

        \u0130kili Arama A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 (BST'ler), verileri verimli bir \u015fekilde aramak ve s\u0131ralamak i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak dengesiz BST'ler a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n e\u011frilmesine yol a\u00e7arak arama ve ekleme i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in performanslar\u0131n\u0131 O(N)'ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir. Bunu hafifletmek i\u00e7in dengeyi korumak amac\u0131yla AVL a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 veya K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-Siyah a\u011fa\u00e7lar gibi teknikler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        2. \u0130fade Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/h3>\n

        \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar matematiksel ifadeleri ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak ve de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Operat\u00f6rler dahili d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde depolan\u0131r ve i\u015flenenler yaprak d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde depolan\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece ge\u00e7i\u015f algoritmalar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak verimli de\u011ferlendirme sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        3. Veri S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in Huffman Kodlamas\u0131:<\/h3>\n

        Bir ikili a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc olan Huffman kodlamas\u0131, veri s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r; burada s\u0131k s\u0131k olu\u015fan karakterlere, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in daha k\u0131sa kodlar atan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        4. Grafik Algoritmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7 Ge\u00e7i\u015fi:<\/h3>\n

        \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar, grafik yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7 benzeri ge\u00e7i\u015f yoluyla temsil ederek Derinlik \u00d6ncelikli Arama (DFS) ve Geni\u015flik \u00d6ncelikli Arama (BFS) gibi grafik algoritmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        5. \u00d6ncelik S\u0131ralar\u0131:<\/h3>\n

        Bir \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc olan \u0130kili Y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar, \u00f6ncelik s\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve en y\u00fcksek \u00f6nceli\u011fe sahip \u00f6\u011felerin verimli bir \u015fekilde eklenmesine ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Ana \u00f6zellikler ve benzer terimlerle di\u011fer kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar<\/h2>\n

        \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n di\u011fer ilgili veri yap\u0131lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Veri yap\u0131s\u0131<\/th>\nAna \u00d6zellikler<\/th>\nAramak<\/th>\nEkleme<\/th>\nSilme<\/th>\nUzay Karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        \u0130kili a\u011fa\u00e7<\/td>\nHiyerar\u015fik, \u0130ki \u00c7ocuk<\/td>\nO(log N)<\/td>\nO(log N)<\/td>\nO(log N)<\/td>\nA\u00c7IK)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 liste<\/td>\nDo\u011frusal, Bir Sonraki D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm<\/td>\nA\u00c7IK)<\/td>\n\u00c7(1)<\/td>\n\u00c7(1)<\/td>\nA\u00c7IK)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        S\u0131ralamak<\/td>\n\u0130ndekslenmi\u015f, Sabit Boyut<\/td>\nA\u00c7IK)<\/td>\nA\u00c7IK)<\/td>\nA\u00c7IK)<\/td>\nA\u00c7IK)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Hash Tablosu<\/td>\nAnahtar-De\u011fer E\u015fleme, H\u0131zl\u0131 Eri\u015fim<\/td>\n\u00c7(1)<\/td>\n\u00c7(1)<\/td>\n\u00c7(1)<\/td>\nA\u00c7IK)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7 ile ilgili gelece\u011fin perspektifleri ve teknolojileri<\/h2>\n

        Teknoloji ilerledik\u00e7e \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6nemi muhtemelen devam edecektir. Veri i\u015fleme ve optimizasyona olan ihtiyac\u0131n artmas\u0131yla birlikte ikili a\u011fa\u00e7 tabanl\u0131 algoritmalar \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaya devam edecek. Dengeleme teknikleri ve optimizasyon stratejilerindeki daha fazla ilerleme, \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131ndaki performans\u0131n\u0131 ve uygulanabilirli\u011fini art\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Proxy sunucular nas\u0131l kullan\u0131labilir veya \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7 ile nas\u0131l ili\u015fkilendirilebilir?<\/h2>\n

        Proxy sunucular\u0131, performanslar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve y\u00f6nlendirme kararlar\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lardan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde yararlanabilir. \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar, birden fazla proxy sunucusu aras\u0131nda y\u00fck dengelemek ve istemci isteklerini verimli bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Ek olarak, \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131nan verileri etkili bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alma mekanizmalar\u0131nda \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar kullan\u0131labilir, b\u00f6ylece s\u0131k talep edilen kaynaklar i\u00e7in yan\u0131t s\u00fcreleri k\u0131salt\u0131labilir. OneProxy gibi sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar, proxy sunucu altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenleyerek, m\u00fc\u015fterileri i\u00e7in sorunsuz ve h\u0131zl\u0131 proxy hizmetleri sa\u011flayabilirler.<\/p>\n

        \u0130lgili Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\n

        \u0130kili A\u011fa\u00e7lar hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kaynaklara ba\u015fvurabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n