{"id":475953,"date":"2023-08-09T07:24:43","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:24:43","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:11:41","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:11:41","slug":"autonomous-system","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wiki\/autonomous-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Otonom sistem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Otonom Sistemler (AS), \u0130nternet&#039;in i\u015fleyi\u015finin temelini olu\u015fturur ve altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve a\u011f y\u00f6nlendirme protokollerinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak hizmet eder. Bu kapsaml\u0131 k\u0131lavuz, proxy sunucularla etkile\u015fimlerine \u00f6zellikle dikkat ederek k\u00f6kenlerini, yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Otonom Sistemlerin Do\u011fu\u015fu ve \u0130lk S\u00f6zleri<\/h2>\n<p>Otonom Sistemlerin tarihi internetin geli\u015fimiyle i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir. \u00d6zerk Sistem, \u00f6z\u00fc itibar\u0131yla, \u0130nternet&#039;e ortak bir y\u00f6nlendirme politikas\u0131 sunan, tek bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki IP a\u011flar\u0131 ve y\u00f6nlendiricilerden olu\u015fan bir koleksiyondur. Bu varl\u0131k bir \u0130nternet Servis Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 (ISP), b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kurulu\u015f veya bir \u00fcniversite olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Otonom Sistemler kavram\u0131, \u0130nternet&#039;in temel y\u00f6nlendirme protokollerinden biri olan ve ilk kez 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda RFC 1105&#039;te bahsedilen S\u0131n\u0131r Ge\u00e7it Protokol\u00fc (BGP) ile birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha verimli bir y\u00f6nlendirme sistemine duyulan ihtiya\u00e7, BGP&#039;nin kurulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AS, y\u00f6nlendirme bilgisi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini basitle\u015ftirmenin bir yolu olarak.<\/p>\n<h2>Otonom Sistemlere \u0130li\u015fkin Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 Bilgiler<\/h2>\n<p>Otonom Sistem, AS&#039;deki y\u00f6nlendiricilerin trafi\u011fi nas\u0131l i\u015fleyece\u011fini belirleyen birle\u015fik y\u00f6nlendirme politikas\u0131yla tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Dahili y\u00f6nlendirme i\u00e7in OSPF veya IS-IS gibi farkl\u0131 Dahili A\u011f Ge\u00e7idi Protokollerini (IGP&#039;ler) kullanabilen birden fazla birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir. Ancak t\u00fcm bu a\u011flar, \u0130nternet&#039;in geri kalan\u0131na tek bir birim olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Her AS&#039;nin ARIN, RIPE NCC veya APNIC gibi B\u00f6lgesel \u0130nternet Tescili (RIR) taraf\u0131ndan atanan benzersiz bir Otonom Sistem Numaras\u0131 (ASN) vard\u0131r. Bu ASN, AS&#039;ler aras\u0131nda y\u00f6nlendirme bilgisi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Otonom Sistemlerin \u0130\u00e7 Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Bir AS&#039;nin i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131, organizasyonun karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015febilir. Genellikle y\u00f6nlendiricilerden, anahtarlardan ve ba\u011flant\u0131lardan (kablolu veya kablosuz) olu\u015fur. AS, AS i\u00e7inde y\u00f6nlendirme i\u00e7in bir \u0130\u00e7 A\u011f Ge\u00e7idi Protokol\u00fc (IGP) kullan\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n IGP&#039;ler RIP, OSPF ve IS-IS&#039;yi i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p>AS, harici olarak di\u011fer AS&#039;lerle bir D\u0131\u015f A\u011f Ge\u00e7idi Protokol\u00fc (EGP) kullanarak ileti\u015fim kurar; bunlardan en yayg\u0131n olan\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131r A\u011f Ge\u00e7idi Protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr (BGP). Bu, AS&#039;nin BGP emsallerine ula\u015fabilece\u011fi a\u011flar\u0131n reklam\u0131n\u0131 yapmay\u0131 ve onlardan di\u011fer a\u011flar hakk\u0131nda bilgi almay\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<h2>Otonom Sistemlerin Temel \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Birle\u015fme<\/strong>: Bir AS, birle\u015fik bir y\u00f6nlendirme politikas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak tek bir y\u00f6netim alan\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>benzersizlik<\/strong>: Her AS, RIR taraf\u0131ndan atanan benzersiz bir ASN ile tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Basitlik<\/strong>: \u0130nternet, AS&#039;yi tek bir varl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve y\u00f6nlendirmeyi basitle\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Otonom Sistem T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130ki ana Otonom Sistem t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Saplama AS<\/strong>: Bunlar en yayg\u0131n t\u00fcrd\u00fcr ve di\u011fer AS&#039;lerle yaln\u0131zca tek bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. Stub AS&#039;ler yaln\u0131zca yerel trafi\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Transit AS<\/strong>: Bu AS&#039;lerin birden fazla AS&#039;ye ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r ve hem yerel hem de transit trafi\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yabilirler. Genellikle ISP&#039;lere aittirler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u00c7ok Evli AS<\/strong>: Bu AS&#039;lerin birden fazla AS&#039;ye ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r ancak transit trafi\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 reddederler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Otonom Sistem Kullan\u0131m\u0131, Sorunlar\u0131 ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h2>\n<p>AS&#039;ler \u0130nternet&#039;in ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve a\u011flar aras\u0131nda y\u00f6nlendirme bilgisi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fine olanak tan\u0131r. Ancak bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 sorunsuz de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sorun:<\/strong> BGP Ele Ge\u00e7irme, bir AS&#039;nin kendisine ait olmayan \u00f6nekleri tan\u0131tarak trafi\u011fi yeniden y\u00f6nlendirmesi durumunda \u00f6nemli bir sorundur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> RPKI ve BGPSEC gibi teknikler BGP&#039;yi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ASes&#039;i g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Otonom Sistem \u00d6zellikleri ve Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>karakteristik<\/th>\n<th>Otonom sistem<\/th>\n<th>Otonom Olmayan Sistem<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Kontrol<\/td>\n<td>Tek varl\u0131k<\/td>\n<td>\u00c7oklu Varl\u0131klar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u00f6nlendirme Politikas\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Birle\u015fik<\/td>\n<td>farkl\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n<td>Bir \u00fcnite<\/td>\n<td>\u00c7oklu Birimler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Otonom Sistemlere \u0130li\u015fkin Gelecek Perspektifleri ve Teknolojiler<\/h2>\n<p>A\u011f teknolojilerindeki geli\u015fmeler Otonom Sistemler i\u00e7in daha g\u00fcvenli ve verimli bir gelecek vaat ediyor. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Tan\u0131ml\u0131 A\u011f \u0130leti\u015fimi (SDN) ve IPv6&#039;n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 gibi teknikler, AS&#039;lerin \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fini ve y\u00f6nlendirme verimlili\u011fini art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca RPKI gibi giri\u015fimler g\u00fcvenli\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<h2>Proxy Sunucular ve Otonom Sistemler<\/h2>\n<p>Proxy sunucular\u0131 bir AS&#039;nin par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilir ve di\u011fer sunuculardan kaynak arayan istemcilerden gelen istekler i\u00e7in arac\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rebilir. AS i\u00e7indeki kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in daha fazla anonimlik ve g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flarlar. Ek olarak, proxy sunucular y\u00fck dengelemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir ve yan\u0131t h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alabilir.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130lgili Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arin.net\/resources\/guide\/asn\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ARIN: Otonom Sistem Numaralar\u0131n\u0131 Anlamak<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ripe.net\/manage-ips-and-asns\/asns\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RIPE NCC: Otonom Sistemler<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iana.org\/assignments\/as-numbers\/as-numbers.xhtml\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">IANA: Otonom Sistem Numaras\u0131 Listesi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc1930\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RFC 1930: Otonom Sistem<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":467675,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-475953","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Autonomous Systems: A Deep Dive into the Heart of Internet Routing<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is an Autonomous System (AS)?","answer":"<p>An Autonomous System (AS) is a collection of interconnected IP networks and routers that are under the control of a single entity, presenting a unified routing policy to the Internet. This entity could be an Internet Service Provider (ISP), a large organization, or a university.<\/p>"},{"question":"What was the origin of Autonomous Systems?","answer":"<p>Autonomous Systems emerged with the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), a crucial Internet routing protocol. The concept was first mentioned in RFC 1105 in 1989 as part of the effort to create a more efficient system for exchanging routing information.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the structure of an Autonomous System?","answer":"<p>An Autonomous System typically includes routers, switches, and connections (wired or wireless). Inside an AS, an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) like OSPF or IS-IS is used for routing. Externally, an AS communicates with other ASes using an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), typically the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Autonomous Systems?","answer":"<p>Key features of Autonomous Systems include unification, as an AS operates under one administrative domain, uniqueness, as each AS is identified by a unique Autonomous System Number (ASN), and simplicity, as an AS is viewed as a single entity by the Internet.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of Autonomous Systems?","answer":"<p>There are three main types of Autonomous Systems: Stub AS, which has only a single connection to another AS; Transit AS, which has connections to more than one AS and can carry both local and transit traffic; and Multihomed AS, which has connections to more than one AS but refuses to carry transit traffic.<\/p>"},{"question":"What problems are associated with Autonomous Systems and how can they be resolved?","answer":"<p>BGP Hijacking is a major concern with Autonomous Systems, where an AS illegitimately advertises prefixes it doesn't own, leading to redirected traffic. This issue can be mitigated using security techniques like RPKI and BGPSEC.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are future perspectives and technologies related to Autonomous Systems?","answer":"<p>Future advancements in networking technologies like Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and IPv6 implementation are expected to enhance the scalability and routing efficiency of Autonomous Systems. Security initiatives like RPKI also aim to reinforce the safety of ASes.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers used or associated with Autonomous Systems?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can be part of an Autonomous System, serving as intermediaries for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. They enhance anonymity and security for users within the AS, aid in load balancing, and can cache content to increase response speed.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475953\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=475953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}