{"id":475814,"date":"2023-08-09T07:23:51","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:23:51","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:11:16","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:11:16","slug":"advanced-encryption-standard-aes","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wiki\/advanced-encryption-standard-aes\/","title":{"rendered":"Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u015eifreleme Standard\u0131 (AES)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u015eifreleme Standard\u0131 (AES), ABD Ulusal Standartlar ve Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (NIST) taraf\u0131ndan 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan bir \u015fifreleme algoritmas\u0131d\u0131r. Elektronik verilerin \u015fifrelenmesinde d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak benimsenen simetrik bir anahtar blok \u015fifresidir.<\/p>\n<h2>AES&#039;in K\u00f6kenleri ve Erken Tarihi<\/h2>\n<p>AES&#039;in ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, NIST taraf\u0131ndan eskiyen Veri \u015eifreleme Standard\u0131n\u0131n (DES) halefinin arand\u0131\u011f\u0131 1990&#039;lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar uzanabilir. Giderek birbirine ba\u011flanan dijital d\u00fcnyan\u0131n taleplerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fifrelemeye y\u00f6nelik artan ihtiyac\u0131n fark\u0131na varan NIST, 1997&#039;de yeni bir \u015fifreleme standard\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n<p>Se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci, \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yeni standarda g\u00fcveni sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan, kamu incelemesine ve yorumuna a\u00e7\u0131k k\u00fcresel bir yar\u0131\u015fmayd\u0131. Kapsaml\u0131 analiz ve kapsaml\u0131 kriptanalizden sonra, iki Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 kriptograf Vincent Rijmen ve Joan Daemen (Rijndael olarak bilinir) taraf\u0131ndan sunulan bir algoritma 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni standart olarak se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n<h2>AES&#039;e Derinlemesine Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\n<p>AES, daha \u00f6nce de belirtildi\u011fi gibi, simetrik bir anahtar blo\u011fu \u015fifresidir; bu, hem \u015fifreleme hem de \u015fifre \u00e7\u00f6zme i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 anahtar\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. 64 bitlik sabit blok boyutuna ve 56 bitlik anahtar boyutuna sahip olan \u00f6nceki DES&#039;in aksine, AES, blok boyutu ve anahtar boyutuyla daha fazla esneklik sunuyor. AES, 128, 192 ve 256 bitlik anahtar boyutlar\u0131na sahip 128 bitlik bloklar\u0131 i\u015fleyecek \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flam bir g\u00fcvenlik sunmak i\u00e7in AES, d\u00fcz metni (giri\u015f verileri) \u015fifreli metne (\u015fifreli veriler) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren bir dizi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yoluyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler, birden fazla turda uygulanan ikame, perm\u00fctasyon, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve anahtar eklemeyi i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<h2>AES&#039;in \u0130\u00e7 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>AES, &#039;d\u00f6ng\u00fc&#039; ad\u0131 verilen \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f say\u0131da d\u00f6ng\u00fc arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. 128 bitlik bir anahtar i\u00e7in 10 tur vard\u0131r; 192 bitlik bir anahtar i\u00e7in 12 tur; ve 256 bitlik bir anahtar i\u00e7in 14 tur. Her turda d\u00f6rt farkl\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u015flevi bulunur:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Alt Baytlar<\/strong> \u2013 S-Box arama tablosuna g\u00f6re bloktaki her bayt\u0131n bir ba\u015fka baytla de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi bir de\u011fi\u015ftirme ad\u0131m\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ShiftSat\u0131rlar<\/strong> \u2013 durumun her sat\u0131r\u0131ndaki baytlar\u0131n d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak kayd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir aktarma ad\u0131m\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u00fctunlar\u0131 Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong> \u2013 her s\u00fctundaki d\u00f6rt bayt\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek durumun s\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yuvarlak Anahtar Ekle<\/strong> \u2013 durumun her bayt\u0131n\u0131n yuvarlak anahtarla birle\u015ftirildi\u011fi bir ad\u0131m; her tur anahtar\u0131, bir anahtar program\u0131 kullan\u0131larak \u015fifre anahtar\u0131ndan t\u00fcretilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Son turda, \u015fifre \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmakla ilgili teknik nedenlerden dolay\u0131 MixColumns ad\u0131m\u0131 atlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>AES&#039;in Temel \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n<p>AES benzersiz \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Yeterlik<\/strong>: AES&#039;in hem yaz\u0131l\u0131m hem de donan\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, onu geni\u015f bir uygulama yelpazesi i\u00e7in ideal k\u0131lar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Esneklik<\/strong>: AES, de\u011fi\u015fen derecelerde g\u00fcvenlik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan 128, 192 ve 256 bitlik anahtar boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 destekler.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00fcvenlik<\/strong>: Y\u00fcksek anahtar boyutu ve blok boyutu nedeniyle AES, do\u011fru \u015fekilde uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bilinen t\u00fcm pratik sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yayg\u0131n kabul<\/strong>: AES d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131nmakta ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00fcvenlik protokol\u00fc ve sisteminde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>AES \u00c7e\u015fitleri: Farkl\u0131 Anahtar Boyutlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>AES&#039;in \u00f6ncelikle \u015fifreleme ve \u015fifre \u00e7\u00f6zme s\u00fcrecinde kullan\u0131lan anahtar\u0131n uzunlu\u011funa g\u00f6re belirlenen \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Anahtar Uzunlu\u011fu (bit)<\/th>\n<th>Tur Say\u0131s\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>128<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>192<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>256<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Anahtar uzunlu\u011fu farkl\u0131 d\u00fczeylerde g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flarken, 256 bitlik anahtar en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde g\u00fcvenlik sunar.<\/p>\n<h2>AES&#039;te Pratik Uygulamalar ve Sorunlar<\/h2>\n<p>AES, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve verimlili\u011fi nedeniyle telekom\u00fcnikasyon, bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve elektronik ticaret gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 uygulamalar bulmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u00e7inde kablosuz a\u011flar\u0131n, VPN&#039;lerin ve \u00c7ok Gizli seviyeye kadar gizli bilgilerin g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>AES ile ilgili temel sorunlardan biri yanl\u0131\u015f uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya anahtar y\u00f6netiminin yetersiz oldu\u011fu durumlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcvenli anahtar y\u00f6netimi ve uygun rasgele say\u0131 olu\u015fturma dahil olmak \u00fczere en iyi \u015fifreleme uygulamalar\u0131, AES&#039;in sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<h2>AES ve Benzer Algoritmalar\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n<p>AES&#039;i DES, Triple DES ve Blowfish gibi di\u011fer benzer \u015fifreleme algoritmalar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda baz\u0131 avantajlar ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Algoritma<\/th>\n<th>Anahtar Boyutu (bit)<\/th>\n<th>Blok Boyutu (bit)<\/th>\n<th>Tur Say\u0131s\u0131<\/th>\n<th>Notlar<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>AES<\/td>\n<td>128\/192\/256<\/td>\n<td>128<\/td>\n<td>10\/12\/14<\/td>\n<td>Standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DES<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>64<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>Kaba kuvvet sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3DES<\/td>\n<td>112\/168<\/td>\n<td>64<\/td>\n<td>48\/32<\/td>\n<td>DES&#039;ten daha g\u00fcvenli ancak daha yava\u015f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Balon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n<td>32-448<\/td>\n<td>64<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>H\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r ancak zay\u0131f anahtarlar nedeniyle potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 vard\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>AES ile \u0130lgili Gelecek Perspektifleri ve Teknolojiler<\/h2>\n<p>Hesaplama yetenekleri artmaya devam ettik\u00e7e gelecekteki kriptografi, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f veya yeni \u015fifreleme standartlar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilir. Ancak \u015fu an itibariyle AES bilinen t\u00fcm pratik sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvende kal\u0131yor ve kuantum bili\u015fim bile simetrik yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6nemli bir tehdit olu\u015fturmuyor.<\/p>\n<p>Daha sa\u011flam anahtar y\u00f6netimi, donan\u0131m tabanl\u0131 \u015fifreleme ve art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f anahtar uzunluklar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere AES&#039;i gelecekteki potansiyel tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar devam etmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca NIST, AES ile birlikte var olabilecek kuantum diren\u00e7li kriptografik algoritmalar geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n<h2>AES ve Proxy Sunucular\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Proxy sunucular\u0131, istemci ile sunucu aras\u0131nda aktar\u0131lan verilerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in genellikle AES&#039;i kullan\u0131r. AES, bir a\u011f \u00fczerinden iletilen verileri \u015fifreleyerek gizlili\u011fi ve gizli dinlenmeye kar\u015f\u0131 korumay\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. OneProxy gibi \u015firketler, kullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerinin gizlili\u011fini ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in AES \u015fifrelemesini kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7o\u011funlukla proxy sunucular arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla aktar\u0131lan bilgilerin hassas do\u011fas\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, AES gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fifreleme standartlar\u0131 hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Anonimlik veya i\u00e7eri\u011fin engellemesini kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in AES kullan\u0131m\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerinin g\u00fcvende kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130lgili Ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/h2>\n<p>AES hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kaynaklar faydal\u0131 olabilir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nvlpubs.nist.gov\/nistpubs\/FIPS\/NIST.FIPS.197.pdf\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">AES&#039;e ili\u015fkin NIST Yay\u0131n\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6054451\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">AES: Geriye D\u00f6n\u00fck ve G\u00fcncel Durum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.comparitech.com\/blog\/information-security\/aes-encryption\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">AES Algoritmas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/itl\/current-cryptographic-standards-and-guidelines\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u015eifreleme Standartlar\u0131 ve Y\u00f6nergeleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thesslstore.com\/blog\/aes-encryption\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar \u0130\u00e7in AES \u015eifreleme<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":467494,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-475814","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Advanced Encryption Standard (AES): An Essential Mechanism in Modern Cryptography<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)?","answer":"<p>The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a cryptographic algorithm that is widely used for encrypting electronic data. It was established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did AES come about?","answer":"<p>AES was chosen through a competitive process initiated by NIST in 1997 to replace the aging Data Encryption Standard (DES). The process was open to public scrutiny and comment. An algorithm submitted by two Belgian cryptographers, Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen\u2014known as Rijndael\u2014was selected as the new standard in 2001.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does AES work?","answer":"<p>AES operates by converting plaintext (input data) into ciphertext (encrypted data) using a series of transformations that include substitution, permutation, mixing, and key adding. These transformations are applied over multiple rounds that depend on the key size: 10 rounds for 128-bit keys, 12 rounds for 192-bit keys, and 14 rounds for 256-bit keys.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of AES?","answer":"<p>AES is efficient, operates quickly in both software and hardware, supports key sizes of 128, 192, and 256 bits, is resistant to all known practical attacks, and is globally recognized and adopted in numerous security protocols and systems.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of AES exist?","answer":"<p>AES primarily exists in three variants, determined by the length of the key used in the encryption and decryption process: AES-128 uses a 128-bit key and runs 10 rounds, AES-192 uses a 192-bit key with 12 rounds, and AES-256 uses a 256-bit key with 14 rounds.<\/p>"},{"question":"Where is AES used and what problems can arise?","answer":"<p>AES is used across various fields such as telecommunications, banking, and electronic commerce due to its security and efficiency. It's also used in securing wireless networks, VPNs, and classified information within the U.S. government. Problems related to AES mostly occur when it's improperly implemented or when key management is inadequate.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does AES compare to other similar algorithms?","answer":"<p>AES is more standardized, offers a larger key size, and is more widely used than other similar cryptographic algorithms like DES, Triple DES, and Blowfish.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future perspectives of AES?","answer":"<p>While AES remains secure against all known practical attacks, efforts to strengthen it against potential future threats include more robust key management, hardware-based encryption, and increased key lengths. NIST has also initiated a process to develop quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers like OneProxy associated with AES?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers often use AES to secure data in transit between the client and the server. AES encryption helps maintain the confidentiality and protection against eavesdropping, ensuring user data remains secure.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475814","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475814\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=475814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}