{"id":478578,"date":"2023-08-09T09:35:14","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:35:14","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:17:07","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:17:07","slug":"p-value","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/kr\/wiki\/p-value\/","title":{"rendered":"P-\uac12"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\ud655\ub960\uac12(Probability Value)\uc758 \uc57d\uc790\uc778 P\uac12\uc740 \uac00\uc124 \uac80\uc815\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \ucc99\ub3c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc870\uac74\uc774 \uc804\uccb4 \ubaa8\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ucd94\ub860\ud560 \ub9cc\ud07c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud45c\ubcf8\uc5d0 \ucda9\ubd84\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. P-\uac12\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uacfc\ud559 \uc5f0\uad6c, \ud1b5\uacc4 \ubd84\uc11d \ubc0f \uc758\uc0ac \uacb0\uc815 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>P\uac12\uc758 \uc720\ub798\uc640 \ucd5c\ucd08 \uc5b8\uae09\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac<\/h2>\n<p>P-\uac12\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08 Karl Pearson\uc774 Pearson\uc758 \uce74\uc774\uc81c\uacf1 \uac80\uc815\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub85c \ub3c4\uc785\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uc774 \uc544\uc774\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 1920\ub144\ub300\uc640 1930\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uac00\uc124 \uac80\uc815\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c RA Fisher\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\uace0 \ub300\uc911\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Fisher\ub294 \uadc0\ubb34\uac00\uc124\uc774 \ucc38\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud560 \ub54c P\uac12\uc744 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud55c \uad00\ucc30\ub41c \ud1b5\uacc4\ub7c9\ub9cc\ud07c \uadf9\ub2e8\uc801\uc778 \uac80\uc815 \ud1b5\uacc4\ub7c9\uc744 \uc5bb\uc744 \ud655\ub960\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>P-\uac12\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc138\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc81c P-\uac12 \ud655\uc7a5<\/h2>\n<p>P-\uac12\uc740 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uac00\uc124 \uac80\uc815\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uac1c\ub150\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadc0\ubb34\uac00\uc124(\ud6a8\uacfc\ub098 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc9c4\uc220)\uc774 \ucc38\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac00\uc815 \ud558\uc5d0 \uad00\ucc30\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130(\ub610\ub294 \ub354 \uadf9\ub2e8\uc801\uc778 \ub370\uc774\ud130)\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud655\ub960\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>\uadc0\ubb34\uac00\uc124\uacfc \ub300\ub9bd\uac00\uc124<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uadc0\ubb34\uac00\uc124(H0):<\/strong> \ud6a8\uacfc\ub098 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ub300\ub9bd \uac00\uc124(Ha):<\/strong> \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \uc99d\uba85\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740 \uac83.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>P-\uac12 \uacc4\uc0b0<\/h3>\n<p>P-\uac12\uc740 t-\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8, \uce74\uc774\uc81c\uacf1 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud1b5\uacc4 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc0b0\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub418\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \uac00\uc124\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>P-\uac12\uc758 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uad6c\uc870. P-\uac12\uc758 \uc791\ub3d9 \ubc29\uc2dd<\/h2>\n<p>P-\uac12\uc740 0\uc5d0\uc11c 1\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc5f0\uc18d \ucc99\ub3c4\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 P-\uac12\uc740 \uadc0\ubb34 \uac00\uc124\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>1\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 P-\uac12\uc740 \uadc0\ubb34 \uac00\uc124\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\ub294 \uc57d\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc784\uacc4\uac12\uc740 0.05\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. P\uac12\uc774 \uc774\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc791\uc73c\uba74 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadc0\ubb34\uac00\uc124\uc774 \uae30\uac01\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>P-\uac12\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ud2b9\uc9d5 \ubd84\uc11d<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uc0d8\ud50c \ud06c\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubbfc\uac10\ub3c4:<\/strong> P-\uac12\uc774 \uc791\uc744\uc218\ub85d \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ub354 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. P-\uac12\uc740 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30\uc5d0 \ubbfc\uac10\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> \uadc0\ubb34\uac00\uc124\uc774 \ucc38\uc77c \ud655\ub960\ub85c \uc624\ud574\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc784\uacc4\uac12 \ub17c\uc7c1:<\/strong> 0.05 \uc784\uacc4\uac12\uc774 \ub17c\uc758\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \ub2e4\ub974\uac70\ub098 \uc720\uc5f0\ud55c \uc784\uacc4\uac12\uc744 \uc81c\uc548\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>P-\uac12\uc758 \uc720\ud615. \ud14c\uc774\ube14\uacfc \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc4f0\uae30<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\uc720\ud615<\/th>\n<th>\uc124\uba85<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\ub2e8\uce21 P-\uac12<\/td>\n<td>\ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc591\uce21 P-\uac12<\/td>\n<td>\uc591\ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>P-value\uc758 \ud65c\uc6a9\ubc29\ubc95\uacfc \ud65c\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ubb38\uc81c\uc810 \ubc0f \ud574\uacb0\ubc29\uc548<\/h2>\n<h3>\uc6a9\ub3c4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\ud559\uc220 \uc5f0\uad6c<\/li>\n<li>\ube44\uc988\ub2c8\uc2a4 \uc758\uc0ac\uacb0\uc815<\/li>\n<li>\uc758\ud559\uc801 \uc2dc\ud5d8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\ubb38\uc81c<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>P-\ud574\ud0b9: \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 P-\uac12\uc744 \uc5bb\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc870\uc791\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uc624\uc6a9 \ubc0f \uc624\ud574<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\uc194\ub8e8\uc158<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc801\uc808\ud55c \uad50\uc721<\/li>\n<li>\ud22c\uba85\ud55c \ubcf4\uace0<\/li>\n<li>\uc2e0\ub8b0 \uad6c\uac04\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubcf4\uc644 \ud1b5\uacc4 \uc0ac\uc6a9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\uc8fc\uc694 \ud2b9\uc9d5 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uc720\uc0ac \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc640\uc758 \ube44\uad50<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\uc6a9\uc5b4<\/th>\n<th>\uc124\uba85<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>P-\uac12<\/td>\n<td>\uadc0\ubb34\uac00\uc124 \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uad00\ucc30\ud560 \ud655\ub960<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc720\uc758\uc218\uc900<\/td>\n<td>\uadc0\ubb34 \uac00\uc124\uc744 \uae30\uac01\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubbf8\ub9ac \uacb0\uc815\ub41c \uc784\uacc4\uac12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc2e0\ub8b0 \uad6c\uac04<\/td>\n<td>\ubaa8\uc9d1\ub2e8 \ubaa8\uc218\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uac12\uc758 \ubc94\uc704<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>P-value\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uacfc \uae30\uc220<\/h2>\n<p>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uacfc\ud559\uacfc \uba38\uc2e0\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc774 \ubd80\uc0c1\ud558\uba74\uc11c P\uac12\uc740 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc774\uc9c0\uc548 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc29\ubc95\ub860\uc774 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 P-\uac12 \uc811\uadfc \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ubcf4\uc644\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub300\uccb4\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud504\ub85d\uc2dc \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uac70\ub098 P-\uac12\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95<\/h2>\n<p>OneProxy\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud504\ub85d\uc2dc \uc11c\ubc84\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud2b8\ub798\ud53d\uc744 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \ud1b5\uacc4 \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc218\uc9d1\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. P-\uac12\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9ac\uace0, \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub97c \uac1c\uc120\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uad00\ub828\ub41c \ub9c1\ud06c\ub4e4<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\uce78\uc544\uce74\ub370\ubbf8 \u2013 P-\uac12 \uc124\uba85<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P-value\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Wikipedia \u2013 P-\uac12<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/kr\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">OneProxy \u2013 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d \uc774\ud574<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":469274,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-478578","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>P-value: An In-Depth Understanding<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is a P-value?","answer":"<p>A P-value, or probability value, is a statistical measure used in hypothesis testing. It represents the probability that the observed data (or more extreme data) could occur under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.<\/p>"},{"question":"What was the origin of the P-value?","answer":"<p>The concept of the P-value was introduced by Karl Pearson in the early 20th century and later expanded by R.A. Fisher during the 1920s and 1930s. It became a cornerstone in statistical hypothesis testing.<\/p>"},{"question":"How is the P-value calculated?","answer":"<p>The P-value is calculated using different statistical tests such as the t-test or chi-squared test. The method of calculation depends on the data and the hypothesis being tested.<\/p>"},{"question":"What does the P-value indicate?","answer":"<p>A P-value close to 0 suggests strong evidence against the null hypothesis, while a P-value close to 1 suggests weak evidence against it. A common threshold is 0.05; if the P-value is less than this, the null hypothesis is typically rejected.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of a P-value?","answer":"<p>Key features include its sensitivity to sample size, the potential for misinterpretation, and controversy over the threshold (commonly 0.05) used to determine significance.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the different types of P-values?","answer":"<p>There are mainly two types of P-values: One-tailed, which tests the effect in only one direction, and Two-tailed, which tests the effect in both directions.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some common problems with using P-values, and how can they be solved?","answer":"<p>Common problems include P-hacking (manipulating data to achieve desired P-values) and misuse and misinterpretation. Solutions include proper education, transparent reporting, and the use of complementary statistics like confidence intervals.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are P-values relevant to the future of data science and technology?","answer":"<p>With advancements in data science and machine learning, P-values continue to be essential. New methodologies like Bayesian statistics are emerging that may complement or replace traditional P-value approaches.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers be associated with P-value?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers like those provided by OneProxy can be used to collect data for statistical analysis. Understanding P-values helps in interpreting the data, making decisions based on user behavior, and improving services.<\/p>"},{"question":"Where can I find more information about P-values?","answer":"<p>You can find more information on websites like Khan Academy, Wikipedia, and OneProxy's page on understanding data analysis. Links to these resources are provided in the article.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478578\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/469274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}