{"id":478578,"date":"2023-08-09T09:35:14","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:35:14","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:17:07","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:17:07","slug":"p-value","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/jp\/wiki\/p-value\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u5024"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P \u5024 (\u78ba\u7387\u5024) \u306f\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u691c\u5b9a\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3067\u3059\u3002P \u5024\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306b\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u6bcd\u96c6\u56e3\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u307e\u308b\u3068\u63a8\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5341\u5206\u306a\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u306b\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002P \u5024\u306f\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u5206\u6790\u3001\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>P\u5024\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3068\u305d\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u306e\u6b74\u53f2<\/h2>\n<p>P \u5024\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u300120 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u982d\u306b\u30ab\u30fc\u30eb \u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u306e\u30ab\u30a4\u4e8c\u4e57\u691c\u5b9a\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306f 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u304b\u3089 1930 \u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066 RA \u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u4eee\u8aac\u691c\u5b9a\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u62e1\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u3001\u666e\u53ca\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u771f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u691c\u5b9a\u7d71\u8a08\u91cf\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u3068\u3057\u3066 P \u5024\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>P\u5024\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a73\u7d30\u60c5\u5831\u3002\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u62e1\u5f35P\u5024<\/h2>\n<p>P \u5024\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u4eee\u8aac\u691c\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac (\u52b9\u679c\u3084\u5dee\u7570\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f35) \u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf (\u307e\u305f\u306f\u3088\u308a\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf) \u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u4eee\u8aac<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\uff08H0\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u52b9\u679c\u3084\u9055\u3044\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3068\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5bfe\u7acb\u4eee\u8aac\uff08Ha\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f55\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3044\u306e\u304b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>P\u5024\u306e\u8a08\u7b97<\/h3>\n<p>P \u5024\u306f\u3001t \u691c\u5b9a\u3001\u30ab\u30a4\u4e8c\u4e57\u691c\u5b9a\u306a\u3069\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u7d71\u8a08\u691c\u5b9a\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u691c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4eee\u8aac\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>P\u5024\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u69cb\u9020\u3002P\u5024\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f<\/h2>\n<p>P \u5024\u306f 0 \u304b\u3089 1 \u307e\u3067\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u52d5\u4f5c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P \u5024\u304c 0 \u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>P \u5024\u304c 1 \u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u5f31\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u95be\u5024\u306f 0.05 \u3067\u3059\u3002P \u5024\u304c\u3053\u308c\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u68c4\u5374\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>P\u5024\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u306e\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u611f\u5ea6:<\/strong> P \u5024\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u307b\u3069\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u5f37\u529b\u306b\u306a\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002P \u5024\u306f\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb \u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306b\u5de6\u53f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8aa4\u89e3:<\/strong> \u5e30\u7121\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u771f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u95be\u5024\u8ad6\u4e89:<\/strong> 0.05 \u306e\u3057\u304d\u3044\u5024\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u8b70\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3057\u304d\u3044\u5024\u3084\u67d4\u8edf\u306a\u3057\u304d\u3044\u5024\u3092\u63d0\u6848\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>P\u5024\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3002\u8868\u3068\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7<\/th>\n<th>\u8aac\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7247\u5074P\u5024<\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u307f\u3067\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e21\u5074P\u5024<\/td>\n<td>\u4e21\u65b9\u5411\u3067\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>P\u5024\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u554f\u984c\u3068\u305d\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56<\/h2>\n<h3>\u7528\u9014<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b66\u8853\u7814\u7a76<\/li>\n<li>\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u4e0a\u306e\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a<\/li>\n<li>\u533b\u7642\u8a66\u9a13<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u554f\u984c\u70b9<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>P \u30cf\u30c3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0: \u76ee\u7684\u306e P 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\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u53f0\u982d\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001P \u5024\u306f\u5f15\u304d\u7d9a\u304d\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d9\u30a4\u30ba\u7d71\u8a08\u306a\u3069\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u304c\u7814\u7a76\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u5f93\u6765\u306e P \u5024\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u30d7\u30ed\u30ad\u30b7\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3084P\u5024\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051<\/h2>\n<p>OneProxy \u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30ad\u30b7 \u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf \u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u5206\u6790\u7528\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53ce\u96c6\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002P \u5024\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3001\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306e\u6539\u5584\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u95a2\u9023\u30ea\u30f3\u30af<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u30ab\u30fc\u30f3\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc \u2013 P\u5024\u306e\u8aac\u660e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P-value\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Wikipedia \u2013 P\u5024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/jp\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">OneProxy \u2013 \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5206\u6790\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":469274,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-478578","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>P-value: An In-Depth Understanding<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is a P-value?","answer":"<p>A P-value, or probability value, is a statistical measure used in hypothesis testing. It represents the probability that the observed data (or more extreme data) could occur under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.<\/p>"},{"question":"What was the origin of the P-value?","answer":"<p>The concept of the P-value was introduced by Karl Pearson in the early 20th century and later expanded by R.A. Fisher during the 1920s and 1930s. It became a cornerstone in statistical hypothesis testing.<\/p>"},{"question":"How is the P-value calculated?","answer":"<p>The P-value is calculated using different statistical tests such as the t-test or chi-squared test. The method of calculation depends on the data and the hypothesis being tested.<\/p>"},{"question":"What does the P-value indicate?","answer":"<p>A P-value close to 0 suggests strong evidence against the null hypothesis, while a P-value close to 1 suggests weak evidence against it. A common threshold is 0.05; if the P-value is less than this, the null hypothesis is typically rejected.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of a P-value?","answer":"<p>Key features include its sensitivity to sample size, the potential for misinterpretation, and controversy over the threshold (commonly 0.05) used to determine significance.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the different types of P-values?","answer":"<p>There are mainly two types of P-values: One-tailed, which tests the effect in only one direction, and Two-tailed, which tests the effect in both directions.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are some common problems with using P-values, and how can they be solved?","answer":"<p>Common problems include P-hacking (manipulating data to achieve desired P-values) and misuse and misinterpretation. Solutions include proper education, transparent reporting, and the use of complementary statistics like confidence intervals.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are P-values relevant to the future of data science and technology?","answer":"<p>With advancements in data science and machine learning, P-values continue to be essential. New methodologies like Bayesian statistics are emerging that may complement or replace traditional P-value approaches.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers be associated with P-value?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers like those provided by OneProxy can be used to collect data for statistical analysis. Understanding P-values helps in interpreting the data, making decisions based on user behavior, and improving services.<\/p>"},{"question":"Where can I find more information about P-values?","answer":"<p>You can find more information on websites like Khan Academy, Wikipedia, and OneProxy's page on understanding data analysis. Links to these resources are provided in the article.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/jp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/jp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/jp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/jp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478578\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/jp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/469274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/jp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478578"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u3046\u30fc\u3093","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}