{"id":479224,"date":"2023-08-09T10:32:55","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T10:32:55","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:18:24","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:18:24","slug":"synchronous-optical-networking","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ir\/wiki\/synchronous-optical-networking\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0646 (SONET) \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. SONET \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 SONET \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0647 1980 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1984\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 (ANSI) \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f SONET \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1988 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>SONET \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (TDM) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06a9\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc SONET \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc (OC) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d OC \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f OC-3 (155.52 \u0645\u06af\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647)\u060c OC-12 (622.08 \u0645\u06af\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647)\u060c OC-48 (2.488 \u06af\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647) \u0648 OC-192 (9.953 \u06af\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647). \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d OC \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0646 - \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 SONET \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>SONET \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc SONET \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (STS) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d OC \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0647\u0631 STS \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (SPEs) \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f SONET \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u0633\u067e\u0633 STS \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 SONET \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>SONET \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627:<\/strong> SONET \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 OC \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 SONET \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627:<\/strong> \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc SONET \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 OC \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f SONET \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc SONET (OC) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0633\u0637\u062d OC<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (Mbps)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>OC-3<\/td>\n<td>155.52<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OC-12<\/td>\n<td>622.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OC-48<\/td>\n<td>2,488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OC-192<\/td>\n<td>9,953<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>SONET \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc:<\/strong> SONET \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u0647\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u06cc:<\/strong> ISP \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 SONET \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0632 SONET \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u060c SONET \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c SONET \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (SDH) \u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc (OTN) \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 SONET \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f SDH \u0648 OTN \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647<\/th>\n<th>SONET<\/th>\n<th>SDH<\/th>\n<th>OTN<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0646\u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (Gbps)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0627 OC-768<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0627 STM-256<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0627 OTU-4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \/ \u062e\u0637\u06cc<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \/ \u062e\u0637\u06cc<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \/ \u062e\u0637\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f OTN \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. OTN \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 IP \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0632 SONET \u0628\u0647 OTN \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 SONET \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f OTN \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0647\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.ansi.org\/Standards\/ATIS\/ATIST1105\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ANSI T1.105: \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (SONET) - \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-G.707\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 ITU-T G.707: \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06af\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (SDH)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-G.709\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 ITU-T G.709: \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc (OTN)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f OTN \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b SONET \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":479225,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-479224","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Synchronous Optical Networking: A Comprehensive Guide<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET)?","answer":"<p>Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) is a widely used standard for high-speed data transmission over optical fiber networks. It ensures reliable and efficient communication with precise synchronization, serving as the backbone for modern telecommunication networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did SONET originate, and when was it standardized?","answer":"<p>SONET's development began in the 1980s when there was a need for a standardized method to transmit data over optical fibers. In 1984, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) formed a committee to create the SONET standard, which was officially standardized in 1988.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does SONET work, and what are its core features?","answer":"<p>SONET uses a synchronous time-division multiplexing (TDM) technique, where multiple data streams are multiplexed together over a single optical channel. It employs Optical Carrier (OC) levels with specific data rates, allowing for scalability as data demands increase. SONET's hierarchical structure ensures fault tolerance and reliable data transmission. It also offers precise synchronization, critical for real-time applications.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of SONET, and what data rates do they offer?","answer":"<p>SONET comes in various Optical Carrier (OC) levels, each providing different data rates. Common examples include OC-3 (155.52 Mbps), OC-12 (622.08 Mbps), OC-48 (2.488 Gbps), and OC-192 (9.953 Gbps).<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the main applications of SONET?","answer":"<p>SONET serves as the foundation for telecommunication networks, enabling high-speed data transfer between exchanges and central offices. It is also widely used by ISPs to connect core routers and data centers, and by enterprises to interconnect geographically dispersed offices.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does SONET compare with similar technologies like SDH and OTN?","answer":"<p>SONET and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are similar technologies with differences in their geographic usage, but both offer synchronous communication. Optical Transport Network (OTN), on the other hand, provides higher capacity, better flexibility, and seamless integration with Ethernet and IP-based networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"What does the future hold for SONET?","answer":"<p>While SONET has been a vital technology, advanced optical networks like OTN are becoming more prevalent due to higher capacities and increased flexibility. As technology continues to evolve, the transition from SONET to OTN is expected to continue.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers enhance Synchronous Optical Networking?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can optimize SONET's performance by caching frequently accessed content, reducing latency, and optimizing bandwidth usage. Additionally, they add an extra layer of security by acting as intermediaries between clients and servers, filtering and inspecting network traffic for improved protection.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479224\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/479225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=479224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}