{"id":479224,"date":"2023-08-09T10:32:55","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T10:32:55","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:18:24","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:18:24","slug":"synchronous-optical-networking","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wiki\/synchronous-optical-networking\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 (SONET) \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 SONET \u0915\u0908 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916<\/h2>\n

SONET \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 1980 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u091c\u092c \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0939\u0938\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 1984 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f (\u090f\u090f\u0928\u090f\u0938\u0906\u0908) \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a SONET \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 1988 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/h2>\n

SONET \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e-\u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u091f\u0940\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e) \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n

SONET \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0948\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 (OC) \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 OC \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 OC-3 (155.52 Mbps), OC-12 (622.08 Mbps), OC-48 (2.488 Gbps), \u0914\u0930 OC-192 (9.953 Gbps)\u0964 \u0907\u0928 OC \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e - SONET \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/h2>\n

SONET \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 SONET \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 (STS) \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f OC \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 STS \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0932\u093f\u092b\u093e\u092b\u0947 (SPE) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0939\u0947\u0921 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n

SONET \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0939\u0947\u0921 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f SONET \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/h2>\n

SONET \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0940\u0926\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> \u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 OC \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u0924\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> SONET \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0935\u093e\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> SONET \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940:<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092b\u093c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a OC \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> SONET \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u093c\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0939\u091c \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/h2>\n

    \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f SONET \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0948\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 (OC) \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0913\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/th>\n\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930 (\u090f\u092e\u092c\u0940\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0913\u0938\u0940-3<\/td>\n155.52<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0913\u0938\u0940-12<\/td>\n622.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0913\u0938\u0940-48<\/td>\n2,488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0913\u0938\u0940-192<\/td>\n9,953<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/h2>\n

    \u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915:<\/strong> SONET \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0940\u0922\u093c \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0906\u0908\u090f\u0938\u092a\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0909\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f SONET \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915:<\/strong> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f SONET \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926, SONET \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0940, SONET \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (\u090f\u0938\u0921\u0940\u090f\u091a) \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u0913\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n

      \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e<\/h2>\n

      \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 SDH \u0914\u0930 OTN \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 SONET \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/th>\nSONET<\/th>\n\u090f\u0938\u0921\u0940\u090f\u091a<\/th>\nOTN<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u0924\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e<\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e<\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 (\u091c\u0940\u092c\u0940\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938)<\/strong><\/td>\nOC-768 \u0924\u0915<\/td>\n\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e-256 \u0924\u0915<\/td>\nOTU-4 \u0924\u0915<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0939\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932<\/td>\n\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932<\/td>\n\u0938\u0930\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      FLEXIBILITY<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/td>\n\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/td>\n\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917\/\u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915<\/td>\n\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917\/\u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915<\/td>\n\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917\/\u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/strong><\/td>\n\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/td>\n\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/td>\n\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/h2>\n

      \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0913\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0913\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e, \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0908\u0925\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0908\u092a\u0940-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 SONET \u0938\u0947 OTN \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n

      \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/h2>\n

      \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 SONET \u092f\u093e OTN \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0936\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0925 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0902\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092b\u093c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n

      \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/h2>\n

      \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u092a \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u090f\u090f\u0928\u090f\u0938\u0906\u0908 \u091f\u09401.105: \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f) - \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/a><\/li>\n
      2. \u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940\u092f\u0942-\u091f\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093e \u091c\u0940.707: \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (\u090f\u0938\u0921\u0940\u090f\u091a) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u093c\u0947\u0938<\/a><\/li>\n
      3. \u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940\u092f\u0942-\u091f\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093e G.709: \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u0913\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u0930\u0916\u0940, OTN \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0947\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 SONET \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":479225,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-479224","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about Synchronous Optical Networking: A Comprehensive Guide<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET)?","answer":"

        Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) is a widely used standard for high-speed data transmission over optical fiber networks. It ensures reliable and efficient communication with precise synchronization, serving as the backbone for modern telecommunication networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did SONET originate, and when was it standardized?","answer":"

        SONET's development began in the 1980s when there was a need for a standardized method to transmit data over optical fibers. In 1984, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) formed a committee to create the SONET standard, which was officially standardized in 1988.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does SONET work, and what are its core features?","answer":"

        SONET uses a synchronous time-division multiplexing (TDM) technique, where multiple data streams are multiplexed together over a single optical channel. It employs Optical Carrier (OC) levels with specific data rates, allowing for scalability as data demands increase. SONET's hierarchical structure ensures fault tolerance and reliable data transmission. It also offers precise synchronization, critical for real-time applications.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of SONET, and what data rates do they offer?","answer":"

        SONET comes in various Optical Carrier (OC) levels, each providing different data rates. Common examples include OC-3 (155.52 Mbps), OC-12 (622.08 Mbps), OC-48 (2.488 Gbps), and OC-192 (9.953 Gbps).<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the main applications of SONET?","answer":"

        SONET serves as the foundation for telecommunication networks, enabling high-speed data transfer between exchanges and central offices. It is also widely used by ISPs to connect core routers and data centers, and by enterprises to interconnect geographically dispersed offices.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does SONET compare with similar technologies like SDH and OTN?","answer":"

        SONET and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are similar technologies with differences in their geographic usage, but both offer synchronous communication. Optical Transport Network (OTN), on the other hand, provides higher capacity, better flexibility, and seamless integration with Ethernet and IP-based networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"What does the future hold for SONET?","answer":"

        While SONET has been a vital technology, advanced optical networks like OTN are becoming more prevalent due to higher capacities and increased flexibility. As technology continues to evolve, the transition from SONET to OTN is expected to continue.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers enhance Synchronous Optical Networking?","answer":"

        Proxy servers can optimize SONET's performance by caching frequently accessed content, reducing latency, and optimizing bandwidth usage. Additionally, they add an extra layer of security by acting as intermediaries between clients and servers, filtering and inspecting network traffic for improved protection.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/479224\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/479225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=479224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}