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\u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/h2>\n<p>\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0941\u092a\u0915\u0947<\/strong>: \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 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\u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/h2>\n<p>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/th>\n<th>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0911\u092b\u0938\u0947\u091f<\/td>\n<td>\u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0947\u0921\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u092b\u0938\u0947\u091f \u092b\u093c\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908<\/td>\n<td>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0947\u0921\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092b\u093c\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091d\u0902\u0921\u0947<\/td>\n<td>\u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0947\u0921\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f &quot;\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f&quot; \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0917\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921<\/td>\n<td>\u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0905\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941-\u092c\u0942\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e<\/td>\n<td>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0905\u091f\u0948\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/h2>\n<h3>\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/strong>\u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 (DoS)<\/strong>: \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 DoS \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0925\u094d\u092e<\/strong>: \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0918\u0941\u0938\u092a\u0948\u0920 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0938)<\/strong>\u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u092b\u093c\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0932<\/strong>: \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0935\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u092b\u093c\u093f\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/th>\n<th>\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e<\/th>\n<th>\u0905\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941-\u092c\u0942\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n<td>\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u093e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td>\n<td>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/td>\n<td>\u0905\u0928\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td>\n<td>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f OS \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/td>\n<td>\u0905\u0928\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938, DoS, \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928<\/td>\n<td>\u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0936 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916<\/td>\n<td>1985<\/td>\n<td>1997<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0964<\/h2>\n<p>\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u092e\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e<\/strong>\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u090f\u0906\u0908-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a<\/strong>\u090f\u0906\u0908-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0918\u0941\u0938\u092a\u0948\u0920 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902, \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/h2>\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0939\u0942\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0924<\/strong>\u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0936\u092e\u0928<\/strong>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930, \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/h2>\n<p>\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0932\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc791\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RFC 791 \u2013 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc815\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u091f\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092a\u0940\/\u0906\u0908\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u091c\u0941\u0915\u0924\u093e \u2013 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0916\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0932\u0948\u092a \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":477299,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477298","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Fragment Overlap Attack: Unveiling the Perils of Packet Manipulation<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is a Fragment overlap attack?","answer":"<p>A Fragment overlap attack is a sophisticated cyber threat that manipulates packet fragmentation to deceive network security systems and gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or disrupt communication.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did Fragment overlap attacks originate?","answer":"<p>The concept of packet fragmentation, which forms the basis for Fragment overlap attacks, was introduced in the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) specification RFC 791 in 1981. The first mention of potential vulnerabilities related to packet fragmentation was in an advisory titled \"The fragility of TCP\/IP\" by Noel Chiappa in 1985.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does a Fragment overlap attack work?","answer":"<p>A Fragment overlap attack involves crafting malicious packets with intentionally overlapping data fragments. When these packets reach their destination, the receiving system attempts to reassemble them, but the overlapping fragments create ambiguity and confusion in the network stack.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Fragment overlap attacks?","answer":"<p>Fragment overlap attacks possess several key features, including stealthiness, payload concealment, and their ability to target diverse systems like firewalls and intrusion detection systems.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of Fragment overlap attacks exist?","answer":"<p>There are various types of Fragment overlap attacks, including Overlapping Offset, Overlapping Length, Overlapping Flags, Overlapping Payload, and Teardrop Attack.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are Fragment overlap attacks used, and what problems can they cause?","answer":"<p>Fragment overlap attacks can be employed for data exfiltration or launching Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. They can lead to unauthorized data access, network breaches, or target system crashes. Solutions involve implementing robust reassembly algorithms and enhancing security measures in firewalls and intrusion detection systems.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do Fragment overlap attacks compare to Teardrop Attacks?","answer":"<p>Fragment overlap attacks exploit packet fragmentation, while Teardrop Attacks send malformed overlapping fragments to crash the target operating system. Fragment overlap attacks were first mentioned in 1985, while Teardrop Attacks were identified in 1997.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future perspectives for Fragment overlap attacks?","answer":"<p>The future of Fragment overlap attacks may involve improved reassembly algorithms and AI-based detection to better identify and mitigate such attacks.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with Fragment overlap attacks?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can facilitate Fragment overlap attacks by obfuscating the attacker's origin. However, they can also play a protective role by inspecting and blocking overlapping fragments to defend against such attacks.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477298\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/477299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}