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\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c:<\/strong> \u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940:<\/strong> \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092b\u093c \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/h2>\n<p>FTTN \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0947\u091f\u0905\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f, \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u0913 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0940\u0913 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h2>\u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/h2>\n<p>FTTN \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938:<\/strong> \u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0921, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940:<\/strong> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, FTTN \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0907\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h2>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/th>\n<th>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930<\/th>\n<th>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924<\/th>\n<th>\u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u091f\u0942 \u0926 \u0928\u094b\u0921 (\u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928)<\/td>\n<td>100 \u090f\u092e\u092c\u0940\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0924\u0915<\/td>\n<td>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/td>\n<td>\u092a\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0938\/\u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0918\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 (\u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u091a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0917\u0940\u0917\u093e\u092c\u093f\u091f+<\/td>\n<td>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/td>\n<td>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u091f\u0942 \u0926 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092c (\u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u0938\u0940)<\/td>\n<td>1 \u091c\u0940\u092c\u0940\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0924\u0915<\/td>\n<td>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/td>\n<td>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\/\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0917\u0924\u093f, \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h2>\u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u091f\u0942 \u0926 \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/h2>\n<p>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 FTTN \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f FTTN \u0915\u094b 5G \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e-\u0939\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u091a \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0932\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/h2>\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0936 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0935\u0947\u092c\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0917\u0941\u092e\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0940:<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0908\u092a\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0917\u094b\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0942-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u092c\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/h2>\n<p>\u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u091f\u0942 \u0926 \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u092a \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tiaonline.org\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0918 (\u091f\u0940\u0906\u0908\u090f)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fiberbroadband.org\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u090f\u0938\u094b\u0938\u093f\u090f\u0936\u0928 (FBA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fcc.gov\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 (\u090f\u092b\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0924\u0903, \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u091f\u0942 \u0926 \u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":477212,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477211","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Fiber to the Node: Revolutionizing Internet Connectivity<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Fiber to the Node (FTTN)?","answer":"<p>Fiber to the Node (FTTN) is an advanced telecommunications technology that delivers high-speed internet by using fiber-optic cables up to a central point in a neighborhood or locality called the node. From there, existing copper or coaxial cables are utilized to bring internet services to individual premises.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did FTTN technology originate?","answer":"<p>The concept of FTTN originated in the early 1990s when telecommunication companies sought cost-effective ways to upgrade their networks for broadband services. The first mentions of FTTN date back to the late 1990s when various providers started experimenting with the technology.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does FTTN work?","answer":"<p>The internal structure of FTTN consists of two primary components: the Central Office (CO) and the node. The CO houses the main fiber-optic connection, which is connected to the internet backbone, ensuring a high-speed, stable connection. From the CO, fiber-optic cables run to the node located in a neighborhood, which acts as a distribution point. At the node, the fiber signal is converted into electrical signals to be transmitted over the existing copper or coaxial cables to individual premises.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of FTTN?","answer":"<p>FTTN offers several key features, including cost-effectiveness by leveraging existing infrastructure, high-speed internet with improved data rates, wider coverage to serve more customers, and scalability for future upgrades.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of FTTN architectures?","answer":"<p>There are two main types of FTTN architectures: Active FTTN, which includes active electronic equipment at the node, and Passive FTTN, where signal conversion and amplification happen at the CO.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can FTTN be used, and what are the challenges?","answer":"<p>FTTN is commonly used for residential internet access and business connectivity. However, challenges such as distance limitations and reliance on copper lines may affect internet speed. Technologies like vectoring and bonding can mitigate these challenges.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does FTTN compare to other fiber technologies?","answer":"<table><thead><tr><th>Fiber Technology<\/th><th>Maximum Data Rate<\/th><th>Deployment Cost<\/th><th>Coverage Range<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Fiber to the Node<\/td><td>Up to 100 Mbps<\/td><td>Moderate<\/td><td>Neighborhood\/Small Area<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fiber to the Home<\/td><td>Gigabit+<\/td><td>High<\/td><td>Individual Premises<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fiber to the Curb<\/td><td>Up to 1 Gbps<\/td><td>Moderate<\/td><td>Street Blocks\/Medium Area<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>FTTN offers a balanced solution between speed, cost, and coverage range compared to other fiber technologies.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future prospects of FTTN?","answer":"<p>FTTN is expected to see advancements in higher data rates and potential integration with other technologies like 5G wireless networks. However, the growing demand for ultra-high-speed internet may lead to a shift towards Fiber to the Home (FTTH) solutions in the long term.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers enhance the FTTN experience?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can improve FTTN user experience by providing faster access to cached content, ensuring anonymity through IP masking, and enabling content unblocking for geo-restricted websites.<\/p>"},{"question":"Where can I find more information about FTTN?","answer":"<p>For more information about Fiber to the Node, you can explore the following resources:<\/p><ul><li>Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tiaonline.org\/\" target=\"_new\">www.tiaonline.org<\/a><\/li><li>Fiber Broadband Association (FBA) - <a href=\"https:\/\/fiberbroadband.org\/\" target=\"_new\">www.fiberbroadband.org<\/a><\/li><li>Federal Communications Commission (FCC) - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fcc.gov\/\" target=\"_new\">www.fcc.gov<\/a><\/li><\/ul>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477211","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477211\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/477212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}