{"id":478419,"date":"2023-08-09T09:32:37","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:32:37","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:16:45","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:16:45","slug":"pharma","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wiki\/pharma\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pharma\uff0c\u662fPharmaceuticals\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u6d89\u53ca\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u9500\u552e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u836f\u54c1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u9884\u9632\u5404\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6539\u5584\u4eba\u7c7b\u6574\u4f53\u798f\u7949\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5236\u836f\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/h2>\n<p>\u5236\u836f\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u548c\u8428\u6ee1\u4f7f\u7528\u690d\u7269\u548c\u8349\u836f\u7b49\u5929\u7136\u7269\u8d28\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u5236\u836f\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u516c\u5143\u524d 2100 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(R&amp;D)\uff1a\u6b64\u9636\u6bb5\u6d89\u53ca\u836f\u7269\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u9776\u70b9\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u524d\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u6f5c\u5728\u5019\u9009\u836f\u7269\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff1a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5019\u9009\u836f\u7269\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u4f53\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u5242\u91cf\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u76d1\u7ba1\u6279\u51c6\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfb\u6c42\u536b\u751f\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u836f\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40 (FDA) \u6216\u6b27\u6d32\u836f\u54c1\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40 (EMA)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5236\u9020\uff1a\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u6309\u7167\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5206\u9500\u548c\u8425\u9500\uff1a\u836f\u54c1\u901a\u8fc7\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u5206\u9500\u7ed9\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u3001\u836f\u623f\u548c\u60a3\u8005\u3002\u8425\u9500\u5de5\u4f5c\u65e8\u5728\u8ba9\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u76ca\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u836f\u7269\u8b66\u6212\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e02\u540e\u76d1\u6d4b\u76d1\u6d4b\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u826f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u5236\u836f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n<p>\u533b\u836f\u884c\u4e1a\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7814\u53d1\u6210\u672c\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u836f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u800c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u548c\u76d1\u7ba1\u5408\u89c4\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u53f8\u9075\u5b88\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4e13\u5229\u4fdd\u62a4<\/strong>\uff1a\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u901a\u5e38\u6301\u6709\u65b0\u836f\u4e13\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u671f\u9650\u5185\u6388\u4e88\u5176\u4e13\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6210\u672c\u56de\u6536\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5168\u7403\u5f71\u54cd\u529b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5236\u836f\u4e1a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u5236\u836f\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u533b\u836f\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u914d\u65b9\u6216\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5236\u836f\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n<th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u4eff\u5236\u836f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u54c1\u724c\u836f\u7269\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u751f\u7269\u5236\u5242<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u6765\u81ea\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u975e\u5904\u65b9 (OTC) \u836f\u7269<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u9700\u5904\u65b9\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u75ab\u82d7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u65e8\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u6297\u751f\u7d20<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u5bf9\u6297\u7ec6\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u9547\u75db\u836f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u7f13\u89e3\u75bc\u75db\u548c\u708e\u75c7\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u836f\u54c1\u7ed9\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8010\u836f\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6ee5\u7528\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u5c24\u5176\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8010\u836f\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u578b\u6297\u83cc\u836f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\uff1a\u67d0\u4e9b\u836f\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u826f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u548c\u836f\u7269\u8b66\u6212\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u8d1f\u62c5\u80fd\u529b<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u83b7\u5f97\u57fa\u672c\u836f\u7269\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8d1f\u62c5\u80fd\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4eff\u5236\u836f\u4f9b\u5e94\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u653f\u7b56\u6539\u9769\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5047\u836f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u5236\u836f\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u4e34\u4e0e\u5047\u836f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u53ca\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6280\u672f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6253\u51fb\u5047\u5192\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0e\u540c\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h2>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 Pharma \u4e0e\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u672f\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5b66\u671f<\/th>\n<th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u5229\u7528\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5f00\u53d1\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u836f\u54c1\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u836f\u54c1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u836f\u54c1\u3001\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u836f\u7406<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u836f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u836f\u5e97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u836f\u7269\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u836f\u623f\u7b49\u96f6\u552e\u573a\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u4e0e\u5236\u836f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u672a\u6765\u524d\u666f\u548c\u6280\u672f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u5236\u836f\u4e1a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5145\u6ee1\u5e0c\u671b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u533b\u7597<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u5b9a\u5236\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u548c\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u6cbb\u7597<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u56e0\u7f16\u8f91\u6280\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u5e76\u589e\u5f3a\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u836f\u7269\u8f93\u9001\uff0c\u9776\u5411\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u836f\u7269\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u9884\u6d4b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u4e0e\u5236\u836f\u76f8\u5173\u8054<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5236\u836f\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u7528\u9014\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u5b89\u5168<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5c42\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u514d\u53d7\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u533f\u540d\u6d4f\u89c8<\/strong>\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u533f\u540d\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u533b\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u786e\u4fdd\u9690\u79c1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u89e3\u9501<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ed5\u8fc7\u533a\u57df\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u7406\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u533b\u836f\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d41\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u533b\u836f\u7f51\u7ad9\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u76f8\u5173\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n<p>\u6709\u5173\u5236\u836f\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7 (WHO)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u836f\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08FDA\uff09<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u6b27\u6d32\u836f\u54c1\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40 (EMA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phrma.org\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u836f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5236\u9020\u5546\u534f\u4f1a (PhRMA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nigms.nih.gov\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u7acb\u536b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u9662 (NIH) \u2013 \u56fd\u7acb\u666e\u901a\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5236\u836f\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u3001\u63a8\u52a8\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u6539\u5584\u5168\u7403\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u76d1\u7ba1\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5236\u836f\u4e1a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6709\u671b\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u533b\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u5065\u5eb7\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":469157,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-478419","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Pharma: A Comprehensive Guide<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"<strong>What is Pharma and what does it encompass?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Pharma, short for pharmaceuticals, refers to the field of science and industry involved in the development, production, and distribution of drugs and medications. It encompasses research, clinical trials, regulatory approvals, manufacturing, distribution, and pharmacovigilance.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>How far back does the history of Pharma go?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>The history of Pharma dates back to ancient civilizations, with the first documented mention found in ancient Sumeria around 2100 BCE. Early healers and shamans used natural substances like plants for medicinal purposes.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>What are the key components of the pharmaceutical industry?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>The pharmaceutical industry consists of research and development (R&amp;D), clinical trials, regulatory approval, manufacturing, distribution, and pharmacovigilance.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>What are the main characteristics of Pharma?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Pharma is characterized by high R&amp;D costs, stringent regulations, patent protection, and a significant global impact on healthcare systems and economies.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>What types of pharmaceuticals are there?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Pharmaceutical products include generic drugs, biologics, over-the-counter drugs, vaccines, antibiotics, and analgesics.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>What challenges are associated with Pharma use?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Challenges include drug resistance, adverse effects, access and affordability issues, and the presence of counterfeit drugs.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>What are the future perspectives and technologies in Pharma?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>The future of Pharma involves personalized medicine, gene therapy, nanotechnology, and the integration of artificial intelligence for drug discovery and clinical trials.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>How can proxy servers be used in the pharmaceutical industry?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Proxy servers enhance data privacy and security, enable anonymous browsing, and help bypass geolocation restrictions. They can also aid in load balancing for pharmaceutical websites and applications.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>Where can I find more information about Pharma and related topics?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>For further insights into Pharma and related fields, explore the provided links, including the World Health Organization, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and more.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478419\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/469157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478419"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u53ef\u6e7f\u6027\u7c89\u5242","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}