{"id":477598,"date":"2023-08-09T09:17:42","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:17:42","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:15:01","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:15:01","slug":"inheritance","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wiki\/inheritance\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9057\u4ea7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b (OOP) \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b50\u7c7b\u6216\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\uff09\u7ee7\u627f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d85\u7c7b\u6216\u57fa\u7c7b\uff09\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u83b7\u53d6\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7c7b\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u73b0\u6709\u7c7b\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u4e13\u4e1a\u3001\u66f4\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/h2>\n<p>\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 60 \u5e74\u4ee3\u548c 70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u63d0\u5230\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f Simula\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f Ole-Johan Dahl \u548c Kristen Nygaard \u5728 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 60 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002Simula \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7c7b\u548c\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3 OOP \u8bed\u8a00\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5173\u4e8e\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u6269\u5c55\u4e3b\u9898<\/h2>\n<p>\u7ee7\u627f\u662f OOP \u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u4e0e\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u591a\u6001\u5e76\u5217\u4e3a\u56db\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8986\u76d6\u6216\u6269\u5c55\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8d85\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5e76\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f53\u5b50\u7c7b\u4ece\u8d85\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u516c\u5171\u548c\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u4e0e\u5b50\u7c7b\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u516c\u5171\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u4ee3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u5141\u8bb8\u5b50\u7c7b\u91cd\u7528\u8d85\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u5197\u4f59\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><div class=\"bg-black rounded-md mb-4\"><div class=\"flex items-center relative text-gray-200 bg-gray-800 px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between rounded-t-md\"><span>Python<\/span><button class=\"flex ml-auto gap-2\"><svg stroke=\"currentColor\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"h-4 w-4\" height=\"1em\" width=\"1em\" ><path d=\"M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2\"><\/path><rect x=\"8\" y=\"2\" width=\"8\" height=\"4\" rx=\"1\" ry=\"1\"><\/rect><\/svg>\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/button><\/div><div class=\"p-4 overflow-y-auto\"><code class=\"!whitespace-pre hljs language-python\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title class_\">Superclass<\/span>:\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Superclass members and methods<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title class_\">Subclass<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-title class_ inherited__\">Superclass<\/span>):\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Subclass members and methods<\/span>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c <code data-no-translation=\"\">Subclass<\/code> \u7ee7\u627f\u81ea <code data-no-translation=\"\">Superclass<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n<p>\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\u548c\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u7ee7\u627f\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7c7b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6a21\u5757\u5316\uff1a<\/strong> \u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u4e14\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7b80\u5355\uff1a<\/strong> \u7ee7\u627f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5e38\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8d85\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5176\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u6001\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u591a\u6001\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u7ee7\u627f\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5355\u4e00\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ea\u80fd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7c7b\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u5355\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u8d85\u7c7b\u3002\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u867d\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b67\u4e49\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u7ea7\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u7ee7\u627f\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5c42\u6b21\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong> \u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6df7\u5408\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong> \u591a\u91cd\u548c\u591a\u7ea7\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5b50\u7c7b\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e0b\u8868\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7ee7\u627f\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n<th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5355\u4e00\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\n<td>\u5b50\u7c7b\u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u8d85\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\n<td>\u5b50\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u8d85\u7c7b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u591a\u7ea7\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\n<td>\u5b50\u7c7b\u4ece\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5c42\u6b21\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7c7b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6df7\u5408\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\n<td>\u5b50\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u7ec4\u7ec7\u826f\u597d\u4e14\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7ee7\u627f\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u6df1\u5c42\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\uff1a<\/strong> \u4ece\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8d85\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u94bb\u77f3\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u652f\u6301\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8d85\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6b67\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5305\u542b\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u907f\u514d\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/strong> \u4fdd\u6301\u7ee7\u627f\u5c42\u6b21\u6d45\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong> 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\u771f\u6b63\u7684 Python<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/inheritance-in-c\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">C++ \u7ee7\u627f \u2013 GeeksforGeeks<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/computing\/computer-programming\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u7406\u89e3\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b \u2013 \u53ef\u6c57\u5b66\u9662<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"featured_media":468628,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477598","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Inheritance: Unraveling the Foundations of Object-Oriented Programming<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is inheritance in object-oriented programming?","answer":"<p>Inheritance in object-oriented programming is a fundamental concept that allows a class (subclass) to inherit properties and behaviors from another class (superclass). It facilitates code reuse, enhances maintainability, and promotes a hierarchical organization of classes.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does inheritance work internally?","answer":"<p>When a subclass inherits from a superclass, it gains access to the public and protected members of the superclass. This enables the subclass to reuse code from the superclass, reducing redundancy and promoting efficient code organization.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of inheritance?","answer":"<p>The key features of inheritance include code reusability, modularity, simplicity, extensibility, and polymorphism. Inheritance allows developers to create a hierarchy of classes, making the code more organized and easier to maintain.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of inheritance?","answer":"<p>There are several types of inheritance:<\/p><ol><li>Single Inheritance: A subclass inherits from a single superclass.<\/li><li>Multiple Inheritance: A subclass inherits from multiple superclasses.<\/li><li>Multilevel Inheritance: A subclass inherits from another subclass in a chain.<\/li><li>Hierarchical Inheritance: Multiple subclasses inherit from a single superclass.<\/li><li>Hybrid Inheritance: A subclass inherits from multiple classes, including subclasses.<\/li><\/ol>"},{"question":"How can inheritance be used effectively?","answer":"<p>To use inheritance effectively, developers should favor composition over inheritance in certain cases, avoid deep hierarchies, and use interface-based inheritance to address the Diamond Problem in multiple inheritance.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the potential problems associated with inheritance?","answer":"<p>Improper use or overuse of inheritance can lead to problems such as complex inheritance hierarchies and inappropriate code reuse. The Diamond Problem can also arise in languages that support multiple inheritance.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can proxy servers be associated with inheritance?","answer":"<p>Proxy server providers, like OneProxy, can use inheritance to manage different types of proxy servers. By creating a superclass with common proxy functionalities and deriving specialized subclasses for each proxy type, providers can enhance performance and customization.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future perspectives of inheritance?","answer":"<p>As programming languages evolve, inheritance will remain a vital concept in object-oriented programming. Future advancements may focus on refining inheritance mechanisms and addressing challenges related to multiple inheritance.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477598\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477598"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u53ef\u6e7f\u6027\u7c89\u5242","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}