{"id":477056,"date":"2023-08-09T09:06:59","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:06:59","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:13:56","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:13:56","slug":"electronic-signature","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wiki\/electronic-signature\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7f29\u5199\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5b9e\u4f53\u624b\u5199\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u6587\u6863\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5177\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u6863\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u7b7e\u540d\u548c\u7eb8\u8d28\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/h2>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 70 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u6570\u5b57\u901a\u4fe1\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002 1976 \u5e74\uff0cWhitfield Diffie \u548c Martin Hellman \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u516c\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740 2000 \u5e74\u300a\u5168\u7403\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5546\u52a1\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u6cd5\u6848\u300b(ESIGN) 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\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d (AES)<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u901a\u8fc7\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u5c06\u7b7e\u540d\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u7b7e\u540d\u8005\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5c42\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bc6\u7801\u6216 PIN\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5408\u683c\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d (QES)<\/strong>\uff1aQES \u662f\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7531\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u6784\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u5408\u683c\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u57fa\u4e8e\u5408\u683c\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u521b\u5efa\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u751f\u7269\u8bc6\u522b\u7b7e\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b7e\u540d\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u7269\u8bc6\u522b\u6570\u636e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6307\u7eb9\u6216\u9762\u90e8\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b7e\u540d\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u90fd\u6709\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5546\u4e1a\u5408\u540c<\/strong>\uff1a\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u548c\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u5408\u540c\u7ba1\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613<\/strong>\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u7b7e\u7f72\u8d22\u52a1\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d37\u6b3e\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u62b5\u62bc\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u3001\u8bb8\u53ef\u548c\u6cd5\u5ead\u5907\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5458\u5de5\u5165\u804c<\/strong>\uff1a\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u90e8\u95e8\u5bf9\u96c7\u4f63\u5408\u540c\u548c\u5165\u804c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u536b\u751f\u4fdd\u5065<\/strong>\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u652f\u6301\u60a3\u8005\u540c\u610f\u4e66\u3001\u533b\u7597\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u5904\u65b9\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u91c7\u7528\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ba4\u53ef<\/strong>\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\/\u5730\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u53d7\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u5b57\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5a01\u80c1\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7528\u6237\u62b5\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u719f\u6089\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7eb8\u8d28\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u63a5\u53d7\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7279\u5f81<\/th>\n<th>\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d<\/th>\n<th>\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d<\/th>\n<th>\u58a8\u6c34\u7b7e\u540d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e26\u52a0\u5bc6<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e26\u52a0\u5bc6<\/td>\n<td>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n<td>\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u7ea7\u522b<\/td>\n<td>\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528PKI<\/td>\n<td>\u4f9d\u9760\u624b\u5199<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u662f\u7684<\/td>\n<td>\u662f\u7684<\/td>\n<td>\u5f88\u96be\u5efa\u7acb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6548\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u624b\u52a8\uff0c\u8017\u65f6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u68c0\u7d22<\/td>\n<td>\u7535\u5b50\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\n<td>\u6570\u5b57\u683c\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6210\u672c<\/td>\n<td>\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/td>\n<td>\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/td>\n<td>\u6253\u5370\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6210\u672c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u524d\u666f\u548c\u672a\u6765\u6280\u672f<\/h2>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u751f\u7269\u7279\u5f81\u8ba4\u8bc1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4fe1\u4efb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5e76\u4f7f\u7b7e\u540d\u66f4\u96be\u4f2a\u9020\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fdd\u62a4\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u3001\u786e\u4fdd\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u548c\u9632\u7be1\u6539\u65b9\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 OneProxy \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u589e\u5f3a\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u9690\u79c1\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8def\u7531\u7b7e\u540d\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c4f\u853d\u7b7e\u540d\u8005\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u8eab\u4efd\u76d7\u7528\u548c\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u5c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5145\u5f53\u9488\u5bf9\u6f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u76f8\u5173\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n<p>\u6709\u5173\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4f\u89c8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esigngenie.com\/electronic-signature-laws-and-regulations-worldwide\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u5168\u7403\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nvlpubs.nist.gov\/nistpubs\/SpecialPublications\/NIST.SP.800-107.pdf\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">NIST \u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6307\u5357<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/trust-services-and-eid\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u6b27\u76df eIDAS \u6cd5\u89c4<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u6863\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5168\u7403\u8ba4\u53ef\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u7b7e\u540d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5851\u9020\u6570\u5b57\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":477057,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477056","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Electronic Signature: A Comprehensive Overview<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is an electronic signature?","answer":"<p>An electronic signature is a digital representation of a handwritten signature, used to authenticate electronic documents and transactions. It ensures the document's authenticity and integrity, making it legally binding in many jurisdictions.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did electronic signatures originate?","answer":"<p>The concept of electronic signatures can be traced back to the 1970s, with the development of public-key cryptography. The first explicit mention in legislation was in the United States with the passage of the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (ESIGN) in 2000.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does an electronic signature work?","answer":"<p>Electronic signatures are created using cryptographic algorithms that generate a unique digital fingerprint for each document. The signature is encrypted using the signer's private key and can be verified using the corresponding public key.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of electronic signatures?","answer":"<p>Electronic signatures offer high security, efficiency, cost savings, global acceptance, and an audit trail. They streamline the signing process and eliminate the need for physical paperwork.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of electronic signatures?","answer":"<p>There are several types of electronic signatures:<\/p><ol><li>Simple Electronic Signature: Basic e-signatures, like typing a name in an email.<\/li><li>Advanced Electronic Signature (AES): Provides an extra layer of security with additional authentication measures.<\/li><li>Qualified Electronic Signature (QES): The most secure form, based on a qualified digital signature creation device.<\/li><li>Biometric Signature: Uses biometric data for authentication, like fingerprints or facial recognition.<\/li><\/ol>"},{"question":"Where can electronic signatures be used?","answer":"<p>Electronic signatures have a wide range of applications, including business contracts, financial transactions, government and legal documents, HR and employee onboarding, and healthcare processes.<\/p>"},{"question":"What challenges do electronic signatures face?","answer":"<p>Some challenges include varying legal recognition in different regions, security concerns, and user resistance to adopting digital signatures.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the main characteristics and comparisons with other signatures?","answer":"<table><thead><tr><th>Characteristic<\/th><th>Electronic Signature<\/th><th>Digital Signature<\/th><th>Ink Signature<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Security<\/td><td>High, with encryption<\/td><td>High, with encryption<\/td><td>Relatively low<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Authentication<\/td><td>Various levels available<\/td><td>Often uses PKI<\/td><td>Relies on handwriting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Non-Repudiation<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Difficult to establish<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Efficiency<\/td><td>High, fast processing<\/td><td>High, fast processing<\/td><td>Manual, time-consuming<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Storage and Retrieval<\/td><td>Electronic storage<\/td><td>Digital format<\/td><td>Physical storage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cost<\/td><td>Economical<\/td><td>Economical<\/td><td>Printing and storage costs<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>"},{"question":"What is the future outlook for electronic signatures?","answer":"<p>The future of electronic signatures may involve advancements in security and usability, including the use of biometric authentication and blockchain technology.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers related to electronic signatures?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers, like OneProxy, can enhance the security and privacy of electronic signatures by masking the signer's IP address and offering an additional layer of encryption.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477056\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/477057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477056"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u53ef\u6e7f\u6027\u7c89\u5242","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}