{"id":476011,"date":"2023-08-09T07:25:33","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:25:33","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:11:50","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:11:50","slug":"big-data","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wiki\/big-data\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d89\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u4ece\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u592a\u5927\u6216\u592a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u548c\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u5386\u53f2<\/h2>\n<p>\u201c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u662f\u5728 2000 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u3002\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u79cd\u7c7b\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c2000\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u6781\u5927\u5730\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002 Doug Cutting \u4e8e 2006 \u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u53f0 Hadoop \u662f\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u6269\u5c55\u8bdd\u9898<\/h2>\n<p>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u79cd\u7c7b\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u201cV\u201d\u5c01\u88c5\u3002\u6700\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4f53\u79ef\uff1a<\/strong> \u751f\u6210\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u901f\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong> \u751f\u6210\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u79cd\u7c7b\uff1a<\/strong> \u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u6355\u83b7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a<\/strong> \u6570\u636e\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684 V \u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5305\u62ec <strong>\u53d8\u5316\u6027<\/strong> \uff08\u6570\u636e\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff09\u548c <strong>\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/strong> \uff08\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff1a\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n<p>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u6316\u6398\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5982 Hadoop\u3001NoSQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c Apache Spark\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6c34\u5e73\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u4f55\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u79cd\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u548c\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u62cd\u5b57\u8282\u548c\u827e\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u9ad8\u901f\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fd1\u5b9e\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\uff1a<\/strong> \u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u6587\u672c\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u97f3\u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4f4e\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u6216\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a<\/strong> \u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/strong> \u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cRDBMS \u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u534a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/strong> \u6df7\u5408\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cXML \u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/strong> \u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u3001\u95ed\u8def\u7535\u89c6\u5f55\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n<th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<th>\u4f8b\u5b50<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684<\/td>\n<td>\u5177\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<td>\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u534a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<td>XML\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<td>\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n<p>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5b83\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u3001\u96f6\u552e\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u5236\u9020\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5177\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/strong> \u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u514d\u906d\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1\uff1a<\/strong> GDPR \u7b49\u9690\u79c1\u6cd5\u89c4\u8981\u6c42\u8c28\u614e\u5904\u7406\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u548c\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u6b63\u5728\u6295\u8d44\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u9690\u79c1\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5c06\u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6982\u5ff5<\/th>\n<th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5927\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<td>\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6765\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5546\u4e1a\u667a\u80fd<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u4f01\u4e1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u6280\u672f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398<\/td>\n<td>\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u672a\u6765<\/h2>\n<p>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u672a\u6765\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c 5G \u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b9e\u65f6\u5206\u6790\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5927\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u533f\u540d\u5c42\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u9690\u85cf\u5176 IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fdd\u62a4\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u514d\u53d7\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u6536\u96c6\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u76f8\u5173\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/analytics\/hadoop\/big-data-overview\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1aIBM<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/big-data\/guide\/what-is-big-data.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u4e86\u89e3\u5927\u6570\u636e\uff1aOracle<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sas.com\/en_us\/insights\/big-data\/what-is-big-data.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener 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