{"id":475953,"date":"2023-08-09T07:24:43","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T07:24:43","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:11:41","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:11:41","slug":"autonomous-system","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wiki\/autonomous-system\/","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf (AS) \u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u672c\u7efc\u5408\u6307\u5357\u65e8\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u63d0\u53ca<\/h2>\n<p>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u7684 IP \u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8be5\u5b9e\u4f53\u5411\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63d0\u4f9b\u901a\u7528\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8be5\u5b9e\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546 (ISP)\u3001\u5927\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae (BGP) \u4e00\u8d77\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e8e 1989 \u5e74\u5728 RFC 1105 \u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u5bf9\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86 BGP \u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u5229\u7528AS\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b80\u5316\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89c1\u89e3<\/h2>\n<p>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u5176\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8be5\u7b56\u7565\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae (IGP)\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 OSPF \u6216 IS-IS\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u90e8\u8def\u7531\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a AS \u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531 ARIN\u3001RIPE NCC \u6216 APNIC \u7b49\u533a\u57df\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6ce8\u518c\u673a\u6784 (RIR) \u5206\u914d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u53f7 (ASN)\u3002\u8be5 ASN \u5728 AS \u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u671f\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\uff0cAS \u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u6709\u7ebf\u6216\u65e0\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002 AS \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae (IGP) \u5728 AS \u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u7531\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684IGP\u5305\u62ecRIP\u3001OSPF\u548cIS-IS\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5916\u90e8\uff0cAS \u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae (EGP) \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6 AS \u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae (BGP)\u3002\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5c06 AS \u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u544a\u7ed9\u5176 BGP \u5bf9\u7b49\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7edf\u4e00<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2aAS\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u57df\u4e0b\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u72ec\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a AS \u7531 RIR \u5206\u914d\u7684\u552f\u4e00 ASN \u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b80\u5355<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5c06 AS \u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5b58\u6839AS<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a AS \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5b58\u6839 AS \u4ec5\u627f\u8f7d\u672c\u5730\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8fd0\u8f93AS<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b AS \u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a AS \u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u8f7d\u672c\u5730\u6d41\u91cf\u548c\u4e2d\u8f6c\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7531 ISP \u6240\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u5bbf\u4e3bAS<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b AS \u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a AS \u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u62d2\u7edd\u627f\u8f7d\u4e2d\u8f6c\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n<p>AS \u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/strong> BGP \u52ab\u6301\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d AS \u901a\u544a\u5176\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/strong> RPKI \u548c BGPSEC \u7b49\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4 BGP \u4ee5\u53ca\u6269\u5c55\u7684 AS\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7279\u5f81<\/th>\n<th>\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf<\/th>\n<th>\u975e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<td>\u5355\u4e00\u5b9e\u4f53<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565<\/td>\n<td>\u7edf\u4e00<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u80fd\u89c1\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u4e0e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u672a\u6765\u524d\u666f\u548c\u6280\u672f<\/h2>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f51\u7edc\uff08SDN\uff09\u548cIPv6\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u589e\u5f3a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u8def\u7531\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cRPKI \u7b49\u4e3e\u63aa\u65e8\u5728\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f AS \u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bfb\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a AS \u5185\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u533f\u540d\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u76f8\u5173\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arin.net\/resources\/guide\/asn\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ARIN\uff1a\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u53f7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ripe.net\/manage-ips-and-asns\/asns\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RIPE NCC\uff1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iana.org\/assignments\/as-numbers\/as-numbers.xhtml\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">IANA\uff1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u53f7\u5217\u8868<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc1930\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RFC 1930\uff1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":467675,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-475953","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Autonomous Systems: A Deep Dive into the Heart of Internet Routing<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is an Autonomous System (AS)?","answer":"<p>An Autonomous System (AS) is a collection of interconnected IP networks and routers that are under the control of a single entity, presenting a unified routing policy to the Internet. This entity could be an Internet Service Provider (ISP), a large organization, or a university.<\/p>"},{"question":"What was the origin of Autonomous Systems?","answer":"<p>Autonomous Systems emerged with the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), a crucial Internet routing protocol. The concept was first mentioned in RFC 1105 in 1989 as part of the effort to create a more efficient system for exchanging routing information.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the structure of an Autonomous System?","answer":"<p>An Autonomous System typically includes routers, switches, and connections (wired or wireless). Inside an AS, an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) like OSPF or IS-IS is used for routing. Externally, an AS communicates with other ASes using an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), typically the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Autonomous Systems?","answer":"<p>Key features of Autonomous Systems include unification, as an AS operates under one administrative domain, uniqueness, as each AS is identified by a unique Autonomous System Number (ASN), and simplicity, as an AS is viewed as a single entity by the Internet.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of Autonomous Systems?","answer":"<p>There are three main types of Autonomous Systems: Stub AS, which has only a single connection to another AS; Transit AS, which has connections to more than one AS and can carry both local and transit traffic; and Multihomed AS, which has connections to more than one AS but refuses to carry transit traffic.<\/p>"},{"question":"What problems are associated with Autonomous Systems and how can they be resolved?","answer":"<p>BGP Hijacking is a major concern with Autonomous Systems, where an AS illegitimately advertises prefixes it doesn't own, leading to redirected traffic. This issue can be mitigated using security techniques like RPKI and BGPSEC.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are future perspectives and technologies related to Autonomous Systems?","answer":"<p>Future advancements in networking technologies like Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and IPv6 implementation are expected to enhance the scalability and routing efficiency of Autonomous Systems. Security initiatives like RPKI also aim to reinforce the safety of ASes.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers used or associated with Autonomous Systems?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers can be part of an Autonomous System, serving as intermediaries for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. They enhance anonymity and security for users within the AS, aid in load balancing, and can cache content to increase response speed.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/475953\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=475953"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u53ef\u6e7f\u6027\u7c89\u5242","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}